六年高考英语真题分项版解析专题非谓语动词解析版原卷版附后doc.docx

1、六年高考英语真题分项版解析专题非谓语动词解析版原卷版附后doc 20132018年高考英语分项解析精编版专题07非谓语动词2018年高考题1.【2018北京】3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。点睛：动名词是动词-ing形

2、式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2.【2018北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。3.【2018北京】10. Ordin

3、ary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。4.【2018天津】12. I di

4、dnt mean _anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_ it.A. to eat；to try B. eating；tryingC. eating；to try D. to eat； trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。故选D。点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean t

5、o do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“cant help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldnt help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。5.【2018天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在

6、进行。故选B。点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。6.【2018江苏】26. Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod, _ theexpectednumber of 12,000 heldby marketanalysts.A. havingexceeded B. toexceedC. exceeded D. exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,50

7、0个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。having exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。2017年高考题【2017天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more pati

8、ents to be treated. A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。考点：考查非谓语。【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓

9、语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。【2017天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught【答案】C考点：考查非谓语。【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+ 宾语 + 非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do

10、sth (由主语完成）；have（让） + 宾语 + do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。【2017江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。brand

11、s是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。【名师点睛】现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done，完成式having done/having been done。当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。e. g. Having watered the vegetable

12、s, the farmer took a short rest. Having seen the film twice, he didnt want to go to the cinema with his wife. Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV. I didnt feel surprised, having expected all this. Not having done it right, I tried again.现在分词作状语，可以转换为一个状语从句。1) 表示时间时，相当于after, before,

13、 when , while等引导的状语从句，现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或与主句动作同时发生。Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（发生在主句动作之前）Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.（之前）He went out , shutting the door behind him.（之后）Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .（同时）Talking a key

14、out of his pocket , he open the door .（一个简短动作一发生，另一个动作紧跟着发生）之前。Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.Be careful when crossing the street. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children . Lying under the apple tree, Newton was th

15、inking and thinking .Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.There are a number of students waiting to be examined.He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一动作进行时，发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。2) 原因（句首）Being short of money, I

16、applied for the job.Not seeing John, I cant tell you what he looks like.3) 方式，伴随Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.He stood by the window, watching the children playing.She stopped as if expecting him to speak.His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being h

17、ungry for a whole day.4) 结果（后置）She fell, only striking her head against the rock. He spread a rumor, leading to a great confusion in class. It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.5) 条件If traveling north, I asked where he was.6) 让步knowing all this, they still insisted on paying for the

18、 damage.Many boys , having had few advantages in their youth, have yet great contribution to their country later.Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash.Though understanding no English, he was able to communicate with them.考点：考查非谓语动词【2017北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print thei

19、r boarding passes online _ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved【答案】C试题分析： 句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】不定式的作用之状语不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。(1) 做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅

20、为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。He came to the school to see his son.(2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 做原因状语。如：We were very exc

21、ited to hear the news.Im glad to see you.(4) 做条件状语。如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.【2017北京卷】30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 【答案】A考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词

22、表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用1、 作定语（1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.（2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under th

23、e tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.（3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2、 作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him,

24、I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (让步)He lay on the gr

25、ass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式) 注意：（1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。（2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主

26、格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。3、 作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.4、 作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.5、 作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 ta

27、lking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。【2017北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remembe

28、r the happy time _ with his students.A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【答案】D试题分析：句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。考点：考查非谓语动词。2016年高考题1.【2016北京】26. _ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C.

29、 Making D. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型。试比较： It is

30、to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.2、 作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope

31、, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3、 作宾语补足语(1) 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to s