1、八年级英语下册 知识点和短语归纳 仁爱版2019-2020年八年级英语下册 知识点和短语归纳 仁爱版1. at the moment 2. used to 3. for a while 4. walk away with sth.5. leave for some place 6. sooner or later 7. pay for 8. come up with an idea9. think of 10. have a try 1. all over the world 12. be famous for13. large numbers of 14. all the year roun
2、d 15. no matter what 16. give up17. for example 18. by the way19. on business 20. so far21. come true 22. set off23. slow down 24. go on doing25. wait for26. be proud of27. be afraid of 28. speak highly of29. a year and a half30. half a year31. pick up 32. as soon as33. keep clean34. take care of 35
3、. cut down 36. make a contribution to37. base on 38. make sure 39. take away 40. begin with41. right now42. as soon as possible43. leave a message 44. all kinds of things45. walk around 46. fall asleep 47. wake up 48. go on a trip49. have a good time 50. take photos 51. come out 52. come on53. have
4、a family meeting54. talk about55. go for a holiday56 go scuba diving57. write down 58. by oneself 59. walk along 60. get a chance to do sth61. have a wonderful time62. book a room63. have an accident 64. be interested in65. use sth. to do sth.66. make a TV show 67. be amazed at68. take part in69. fe
5、ed on70. get out ofII. 重要句型1. Why dont you do sth.?2. make sb. Happy3. borrow sth. from sb. 4. forget to do sth.5. pay fro sth.6. return sth. To sb.7. learn sth. from sb.8. be famous for sth.9. No matter what10. be with sb.11. go on doing sth.12. speak highly of sb.13. keep doing sth.14. allow sb. T
6、o do sth.15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said that【名师讲解】1. Maybe/ may be(1) maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常用作状语。Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。(2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语,意思是“也许是,可能是”。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借进来”。We ofte
7、n borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与时间段连用。You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去”。lend与borrow一样,也是一个瞬间完成的动作,不能与一段时间连用。(3) keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段,是一段持续的时间,因此可以
8、与时间段连用。You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。(4) use也可以当“借用”讲,但它的本意是“用,使用”。May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗?3. leave/ leave for(1) leave意思是“离开,留下”。(2) leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。4. since/ for(1) since用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从”。He has been a worker since he came into this city
9、.自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了。since作连词,还有“既然”的意思。Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感兴趣,那就做吧。(2) for用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过”。I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。for也可以用作连词,但意思是“因为”。They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。5. neit
10、her/ either/ both(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数.Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。neither用作形容词,也修饰单数名词,意思与作代词时相同;用作连词时,一般与nor搭配,表示 “既不也不”。作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原则。She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。(2) either作代
11、词时,是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同. Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是就是”。作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。Either m
12、y sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。(3) both作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。both作形容词时,用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。both用作连词时,多与and搭配,表示“既又, 不仅而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我
13、的爱好。6. find/look for/ find out(1) find强调找的结果,意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现,发觉”的意思,后可接宾语从句。 (2) look for的意思为“寻找”,指的是找的动作而非结果。另外,还有“盼望,期待”的意思。 (3) find out含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思,后常接较抽象的事物,意思是“找出,发现,查明(真相)”等。 7. forget to do/ forget doing(1) forget to do是指忘记去做某件事了,即该事还没有做。 Please dont forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不
14、要忘了给我打电话。(2) forget doing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被忘记了。 He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。8. stop doing/ stop to do(1) stop doing是指停止做某事,即doing这个动作不再继续。They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。(不辩论了)He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色,他不得不停车。(2) stop to do是指停下来开始做
15、另一件事,即停止原先的事,开始做do这个动作。 She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。(开始休息)They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。9. except/ besides(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开不谈”,表示两部分的不同。 Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)(2)besi
16、des是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外还、除之外又”,表示两部分的相似性。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)besides还可用作副词,意思是“此外;而且”,常用于句首或句尾。He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名伟大的思想家,除此以外,他还是一位政治家
17、。They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.他们不仅鼓励我,而且与我以金钱上的支持。11. seem/ look (1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来”。 seem能与to do结构连用,而look不能。 It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。(2) look用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受
18、的印象为依据的。 12. such/ so(1)such常用作形容词,用来修饰名词。 Dont be such a fool.别这么傻。He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。(2) so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。 He is so kind! 他真好心!Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚?当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时,应该用so。 He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间!13.
19、either/ too/ also(1)either用作“也”时是副词,常用于否定句句尾。(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾,表示“也”。(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中。14. if/ whether在下列情况下只能用whether而非if:(1)与or not连用时,只能用whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。(2)后接动词不定式时,只能用
20、whether.Adam didnt know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用whether.Whether it will rain or snow, we dont mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。Whether I won or lost, she didnt want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用whether.The most
21、important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。if能引导条件状语从句,表示“如果,假如”,而whether没有此用法。Well have a football match if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们要进行足球赛。Ill tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。If youre in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险,请拨打110。1
22、5. cost/ spend/ pay/ take(1) cost一般用某物来做主语,表示“(某物)值、花费”,既能指花费时间也能指金钱。cost 还可以用作名词,表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。Whats the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱?(2) spend一般用某人来作主语,表示“(某人)花费,付出”,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常与in搭配,指金钱时常与on或for搭配。 (3) pay用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。pay还可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资”等。(4)take也指“花
23、费(时间、金钱)”,但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语it.16. bad/ badly这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思,且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。(1) bad是一个形容词,意思是“坏的,糟糕的,差的,严重的”。I dont think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。(2)badly是一个副词,意思是“不好地,差”,也可以表示程度,意为“严重地,非常,极度”。 We need help badly.我们急需帮助。His arm was badly hurt.他的胳
24、膊严重受伤了。17. interested/ interesting(1) interested是指“对产生兴趣的,对感兴趣的”,一般用人做主语,后常用介词in. (2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”,指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。18. dead/ die/ death/ dying(1) dead是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。(2) die是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间
25、动词,不能与一段时间连用。My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。(3) death是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等。The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。(4) dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。The doctors have saved the dying man.
26、医生们救活了那个垂死的人。The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。初三年级(中)【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. give up 2. try out 3. most of 4. notany more5. at the age of 6. at that time 7. send message by telegraph 8. graduate from9. turn down10. put up 11. at the top of12. get together13. from house to house14. at th
27、e end of 15. on top of 16. as well17. climb down18. in a single night19. even though 20. live on21. once upon a time22. according to23. keep warm 24. on the other hand25. on show26. on display27. in the future 28. look up29. Tree Planting Day 30. just right 31. as often as possible 32. wash away33.
28、in this way 34. in a few years time35. point to 36. thanks to37. more or less 38. so far39. shut down 40. send up 41. put offII. 重要句型1.set ones mind to do sth.2. put together3. stopfrom4. keepfrom5. be filled with sth.6. give birth to7. be covered with8. be made of9. fillwith10. matchwith11. be used
29、 for12. have nothing to do with13. come up with14. no matter how15. keep sb./sth.warm【名师讲解】1. be able to/ can(1) 都能表示“能够,具备干某件事的能力”这个含义,此时可以互换。Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time.= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。(2) be able to可以用于各种时态,而can 为情态动词,多用于现在时,其过去式为could。We ar
30、e sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了。(4) Can除了表示“能够,有能力做某事”以外,还有如下用法,而be able to 则没有。表示请求,但语气没有could委婉表示可能性。That man cant be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我们的新老师。The exam cant be too difficult.考试不会太难。2. bri
31、ng/ take/carry/fetch(1) bring一般是指拿来,即从别处往说话人这里拿,翻译成“带来”。(2) take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿,翻译成“带走”。(3) carry不强调方向,表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。(4) fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思,包含去和来两趟。3. whole/ all(1) whole强调一个完整如一,互不分割的整体。 The whole country is suffering the war. 整个国家正遭遇战争。whole在句中的位置是放在所有格,冠词和指示代词的之后。 They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.他们将到加拿大渡过整
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