小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导+专项训练练习题含答案解析.docx

1、小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导+专项训练练习题含答案解析小升初英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导一、培养正确的阅读习惯有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯，如一个词一个词地读，且常伴有一些习惯动作：用手指、摆头等，这就是速读的障碍，并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读，我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式：（1）用手指或笔指词阅读；（2）逐词阅读；（3）复读；（4）声读；（5）心译。这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。应当指出，孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视，但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度

2、乃至对文章有效的理解。二、加强按意群阅读的训练 按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停顿7次），（2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。其中，（1）为逐词读，（2） 为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候我们要指导学生，不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映 入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要

3、眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为 宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之？因此，我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法：1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下

4、来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。随 着阅读的深入，熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选 择、推测和推理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环节。我们必须明确地告诉孩子，跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文 章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。三、培养语言预测能力所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I go t

5、o school by . 时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我们读到Thank you for . 时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He likes listening . 时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little Water Drop goes higher and . 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。四、避免翻译在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象

6、。但如果总要依赖翻译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按照英语中文实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。再如读到She was flying a kite.时，我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线，天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画面，避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后，再到画面的中间环节，那么就节省了时间。在 英语的阅读理解中，孩子往往会或多或少地遇到各种各样的生词，这是影响孩子阅读速度的最大障碍了。若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪，那么生词便是顽石、沟 坎，使溪流不断回漩激起

7、浪花；冲过去便渐入佳境，冲不过去便成为一潭死水。跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字 典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例如：PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子：Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesnt play any instruments. She doesnt like music.很明显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响学生的阅读，学生通过上文中

8、的violin下文中的music，能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。阅读理解猜词六技巧介绍如下：1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for i

9、t wasnt his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是责备。2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要

10、知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于行星这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。4.

11、通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为久旱，旱灾。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，co

12、conuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Po

13、le. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。二、阅读理解2阅读理解阅读理解 I have a pretty pet. Her name is Polly Bird. When Polly was young, she lived in a birdhouse. Now she lives in a birdcage. When

14、 Polly was young, she couldnt sing. Now she sings all day long. When Polly was young, she couldnt eat birdseed. Now she can eat birdseed. When Polly was young, she couldnt fly. Now she flies out of the birdcage every morning. She flies back into the birdcage every evening. When Polly was young, she

15、didnt like our pet rabbit Lulu. Now she plays with Lulu every day. When I am sad, Polly sings to me. She makes me happy. I love Polly very much. （1）What is the best title（标题）for this story? A.Peppa PigB.Polly BirdC.Lulu Rabbit（2）Where does Polly live now? A.In a birdhouse.B.In a birdcage.C.In a bird

16、 nest.（3）What does Polly do every morning? A.B.C.（4）Does Polly like Lulu now? A.Yes, she does.B.No, she doesnt.C.No, she didnt.（5）Why does the writer love Polly very much? A.Because Polly can fly.B.Because Polly can eat birdseed.C.Because Polly can make her happy.【答案】 （1）B（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C 【考点】阅读理解 【

17、解析】【分析】文章大意：作者介绍她的宠物鸟的事情。 （1）根据I have a pretty pet. Her name is Polly Bird.可知“我”有一只很漂亮的宠物。她的名字叫Polly Bird。因此该故事最好的标题是Polly Bird。故选B。 （2）根据Now she lives in a birdcage.可知现在她住在鸟笼里。故选B。 （3）根据根据Now she flies out of the birdcage every morning.可知她每天早上从鸟笼里飞出来。故选C。 （4）根据Now she plays with Lulu every day.可知现在

18、她每天和露露玩。因此她喜欢露露，该问句需要作肯定回答。故选A。 （5）根据When I am sad, Polly sings to me. She makes me happy.可知当作者难过的时候，Polly给她唱歌。她使得她很开心。这就是作者非常喜欢她的原因。故选C。 【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确选择。3阅读理解阅读理解 My Wonderful Holiday in China In Beijing, I visited the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square and t

19、he Summer Palace. I also met all Bills friends and family.Last week, Bills family took me to Xian by train. Xian is in the northwest of China. We visited the Terracotta Army there. They are so amazing! We also ate some delicious noodles there. Then we went to Sichuan. Its in the southwest of China.

20、First, we went to see the pandas in Wolong. They are very cute. Then we climbed Mount Emei. The mountain is very beautiful. We saw many funny monkeys on our way. I was very tired, but very happy. We ate some delicious hot pot there. Sichuan is famous for hot pot. Tibet is in the southwest of China,

21、too. We went there by plane from Sichuan. It was sunny and hot in Tibet, but there was still snow on the mountains. We visited the famous Potala Palace and took many photos.Questions:（1）What places did Ted visit in Beijing? （2）Where did Ted go last week? What did he do there? （3）What is Sichuan famo

22、us for? （4）What did they see on Mount Emei? 【答案】 （1）In Beijing, Ted visited the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square and the Summer Palace.（2）Last week, Ted went to Xian. He visited the Terracotta Army there and ate some delicious noodles there.（3）Sichuan is famous for hot pot.（4）They sa

23、w many funny monkeys on Mount Emei. 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了泰德去北京，西安，四川和西藏旅游了。 （1）句意：泰德在北京参观了哪些地方？根据In Beijing, I visited the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square and the Summer Palace. 可知在北京，特德参观了长城、紫禁城、天安门广场和颐和园，故答案为 In Beijing, Ted visited the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Tiananme

24、n Square and the Summer Palace. （2）句意：泰德上周去哪儿了？他在那里做了什么？根据 Last week, Bills family took me to Xian by train. We visited the Terracotta Army there. We also ate some delicious noodles there. 可知上周，特德去了西安。他参观了那里的兵马俑，在那里吃了一些美味的面条，故答案为 Last week, Ted went to Xian. He visited the Terracotta Army there and

25、ate some delicious noodles there. （3）句意：四川以什么闻名？根据 Sichuan is famous for hot pot. 可知四川以火锅闻名，故答案为 Sichuan is famous for hot pot. （4）句意：他们在峨眉山上看到了什么？根据 Then we climbed Mount Emei. We saw many funny monkeys on our way. 可知他们在峨眉山上看到许多有趣的猴子，故答案为 They saw many funny monkeys on Mount Emei. 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通

26、读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行回答。 4阅读理解阅读理解 Thanksgiving is a family holiday in autumn in Canada and the USA. In Canada, Thanksgiving is in October. In the USA, it is in November. On Thanksgiving, people have a big dinner with their family. They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food. They

27、 also tell Thanksgiving stories and give thanks to their friends and families. In China, we also have a family holiday in autumn. It is Mid-Autumn Festival. People get together with their families to have a big dinner, too. They eat mooncakes, talk happily and enjoy looking at the beautiful round mo

28、on. Mooncakes are round like the full moon. Some people cannot go back home, but they can look at the moon and think about their families.（1）When is Thanksgiving? （2）What people usually eat at Thanksgiving? （3）What does the mooncake look like？ （4）What is the common point between Thanksgiving and Mid

29、-Autumn Festival? 【答案】 （1）In October or November.（2）They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food.（3）Mooncakes are round like the full moon.（4）People get together have a big dinner with their families. 【考点】阅读理解 【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了感恩节和中秋节。 （1）句意：感恩节是什么时候？根据 In Canada, Thanksgiving is in October

30、. In the USA, it is in November. 可知加拿大或美国，感恩节是在十月或十一月，故答案为 In October or November. （2）句意：感恩节人们通常吃什么？根据 They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food. 可知通常他们吃烤火鸡和其他美味的食物，故答案为 They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food. （3）句意：月饼是什么样的？根据 Mooncakes are round like the full moon. 可知月饼

31、圆得像满月，故答案为 Mooncakes are round like the full moon. （4）句意：感恩节和中秋节的共同点是什么？根据 On Thanksgiving, people have a big dinner with their family. People get together with their families to have a big dinner, too. 可知人们聚在一起，与家人共进晚餐，故答案为 People get together have a big dinner with their families. 【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行回答。 5阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子正误 There are many more and more animals in danger at present, so it is our responsibility to protect them. Its wrong for peo