高中英语语法专项学案 名词性从句.docx

1、高中英语语法专项学案 名词性从句 名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句的句首，且从句使用陈述语序。1、名词性从句的引导词引导词用法从属连词that， whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略； whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用 whether连接代词What,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever，whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分，不能省略连接副词 when, wh

2、ere, why, how whenever，wherever,however等在从句中作状语，有具体的含义，不能省略1) The trouble is that we are short of money.2) He hasnt decided whether he will go there.3) Do you know who has got first prize?4) What we need is more practice.5) Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.6) When he wil

3、l go abroad hasnt been decided yet.7) One knew why he made such a mistake.名词性从句的分类一、主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句放在句末。1.that引导的主语从句 that引导主语句时只起连接作用，没有实际意义，也不在从句中作任何成分。但是,that 不能省略。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.扶所周知，地球围绕太阳转。(从句作主语，谓动词用单数形式,)2. whether,if引导的主语

4、从句Whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在何末，前面需用it作形式主语。whether,if只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。Whether you succeed or not depends how hard you work at it。你能成功取决于你努力的程度。(whether 引导的主语从句放在句首）It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 (主语从句是whether/if has agreed to my plan, it作形式主语。)3.连接代词

5、或连接副词引导的主语从句(1)连代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whichever 等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。What he said just now is true. 他刚才所说的话是真的。(主语从句是What said just now, what在从句中作said的宾语。)Whoever breaks the law will be punished,J王子犯法与庶民同罪。 (主语句是Whoever breaks thelaw. whover在从句中作主语) 特别点击whoever whatever 引导的名词性从句

6、一般不用it作形式主语。(2)what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但在实际使用中,其单复数取决于其成分的含义。What the kid wanted was only new schoolbag. 那个孩子想要只是一个新书包。(schoolbag是可数名词单数，谓语词用单数。)What they need are car and some water.他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。(a car and some water 示复数概念谓语动词用复数,)(3)连接副词when, where, why, how在从句中作状语。Why they suddenly disappeared still

7、remains mystry. 它们(恐龙)为什么突然消失了还是个谜。(主语从句是Why they suddenly dispeared, why在从句中作原因状语。)When well go for a picnic isnt known. 我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 (主语从句是When well go for a picnic, when在从句中作时间状语.)4.必项用“it”作形式主语的主语从句(1)1t+ be+形容词(obvious. true. naturnl surprising. good. wonderful, funny. possible likely,certain

8、. probable 等)+ that从句。 It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。(2)It+ be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity,no surprise等 + that 从句。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃你。(3)It+ be+过去分词( said, reported. thought, expected, decided. annou

9、nced. arranged等)+that从句。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till nexi Monday会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。(4)It+动词/动词短语( seem, appear, happen. matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference 等) +that从句。It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着It seems that he is n

10、ot quite himself today. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。(5)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、愧惜.理应如此等语气时.谓语动词用成拟语气“should+动词原形”，常用句型为“It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/natural等+ that从句”或It is sugested requested/desired/ordered/demanded等+ that从句”。It is necessary that we (should) have breakfast.我们吃早餐是有必要的。It was suggested that

11、we (should) put off the meeting. 有人建议我们推迟会议。练全题点1单句语法填空1.It is often the case_anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops._findstheir book will go to the site and record where they found it3._Li Bai, a great

12、Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.4._we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.5._the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.6. Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain. but it was probably around 1565.7. Some peop

13、le believe_has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.8.1 think_impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.9._it is sunny or cloudy this weekend,IIl pay a visit to the Birds Nest.10. It has been proved_eating vegetables helps build up strength.二、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语

14、的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句分为动词的宾语从句和介词的宾语从句，其引导词有连词that, whether, if;连接代词what, who, which, whom, whose, whoever, whatever;连接副词when, where, why, how及how构成的短语等。1.动词的宾语从句(1)动词的宾语从句一般紧跟在及物动词后,但也可用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在句末。一 般定语后有补足语时需用it作形式宾语。He suggested that they leave the hotel at once.他建议他们应该马上离开旅馆。She took it for gran

15、ted that you knew the matter.她认为你知道这件事情是理所当然的。I think it necessary that you should pay more attention to your pronunciation.我认为你多注意你的音是有必要的。(2)有些动词如hate, like, take, own, have等后跟宾语从句时,宾语从句前需加it。Can you see to it that everyone knows the date of the meeting? 你能保证把开会日期通知到每个人吗?1 hate it when they talk w

16、ith their mouths full. 我讨厌他们说话时满嘴食物。2.介词的宾语从句介词后也可用宾语从句，但that引导的宾语从句一般不直接跟在介词后，如果需要，多用it作形式宾语，然后再接从句。1 worried about whether I hurt his felings.我担心的是,是不是伤了他的感情。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我会一直帮你的。练全题点2单句语法填空1.I made up my mind I would find out_was good in my present situati

17、on.2. We now realize_important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you re raising children.3. The journey was intended to achieve more than_Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.4. Scientists are still not exactly sure_genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.5. Y

18、ou have to know_youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.6. I truly believe_beauty comes from within.7. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate_is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.8. We must find out_Karl is coming, so

19、we can book a room for him.9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for_Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.10. The exhibition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.三、表语从句表语从句位于主句的连系动词be,seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等之后，常用的连接词和主语从句的连接词相问，用法也一样.此外，表语从句还

20、时用as if, as though,because来引导。1. that, whether 引导的表语从句that，wherher只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分。that 无词义，一般不能省略.whether意为是否”,不能换成if。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。The problem is whether the meeting will be held.问题是是否要举行会议。2.as if, as though, because 引导的表

21、语从句(1)as if, as though引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。You look as if youve had a good time. 你看起来好像玩得挺开心。(陈述语气)He looks as if he were from the Mars.他看起来像来自火星。(虚拟语气)(2)because引导表语从句时，主句主语不能用reason。一You look tired.-你看起来很累。-That may be because I didnt have a good sleep yesterday evening.也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。 特别点击如果主句主语

22、是reason,表语从句连接词用that,不能用why或because. 常见句型为“Thereason (why. ) is that.The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。(that 不能换成because)3.wh-类表语从句应注意的问题wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别表示具体地点、时间、原因和方式等。This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。Tom

23、orrow is when it woud be the most oeine明天是最方便的时候，This is where I met Peter for the firt time.这是我第一一次遇见彼得的地方。4.表语从句用虚拟语气的情况如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion,requiremet, request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，结构是“(should)+动词原形”。His sugggstion is that we (should) set off at once他的建议是我们应该立即出发。My advice is

24、 that you (should) quit smoking,我的建议是你应该戒烟。练全题点3 单句语法填空1. College is_you meet your bridesmaids neighbors, and porential bosses.2. A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not_ships are built for.3. Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. This is_my mother used to tell me.4. The best moment for the f

25、ootball star was_he scored the winning goal.5. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“Thats_I was born.”6. As John Lennon once said, life is_happens to you while you are busy making other plans.7. What a mess! You are always so laxy! -Im not to blame, Mum. I am_you have made me.8. Our hometown is

26、 not _it used to be five years ago.9. He was lazy and stubborn. Thats_he couldnt succeed in achieving anything.10. The reason why he failed the interview is_he lacked confidence.四、同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句叫作同位语从句。1.同位语从句的引导词同位语从句一般由that, whether, who, which, what, when, where 等引导。He received the order that

27、he (should) come back by the noon.他接到命令,中午之前要回来。He didn t answer the question where we should put the piano. 他没有回答我们应该把钢琴放在哪里这个问题。 2. 可以跟同位语从句的常见名词同位语从句常放在belief, doubt, fact, hope,idea,information, news, order, possibility, promisesuggestion, suggestion, truth, thought, evidence 等表示抽象意义的名词后面，说明该名词的

28、具体内容。There is no doubt that he can win the first prize.他能获得第一名 ,这是毫无疑问的.The thought that I may lose my way makes me feel worried.我有可能迷路这一想法让我感到很紧张。练全题点4 单句语法填空1. The manager put forward a suggestion_we should have an assistant. There is too muchwork to do.2.一Is it true that Mike refused an offer fro

29、m Yale University yesterday?一Yeah, but I have no idea_he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.3.I had no idea_their wedding was to be held. Maybe in the church, I think.4. There is some doubt among people_$ 749 is too much for an iPhone 4.5. The news_SanLu milk powder killed some babies ro

30、cked the whole nation.6.A rumour goes_another big earthquake will strike wenchuan.7.1 have no idea_the meeting will be held in our school.8.-1 wonder_he got the news.-A relative helped him.9. There is no doubt_China can buld a space station in the near future.10. He gave me a piece of advice _I should take exercise ater work.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.从被修饰词上区别先行词。同位语以可前只管是idea,fact,news,hope等这类有一定内面的名词，定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。We are not looking into the question whether he is worth rusting.他是否值得信赖的问题不是我们正在调查的。(同位语从句)Our team won the game,which made us very happy.我们队赢了,这让我们