改后的论文1.docx

1、改后的论文1论城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人权益的法律保护On the law Protection of the Rights and Interests for the People being Demolished and Relocated during the Demolition and Removal of Urban Houses 学位申请人： 年 级： 2006级 学科专业： 法律硕士 研究方向： 民商法 指导教师： 定稿时间： 西南财经大学学位论文原创性及知识产权声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论

2、文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。因本学位论文引起的法律结果完全由本人承担。本学位论文成果归西南财经大学所有。 特此声明 学位申请人： 年 月 日摘 要城市房屋拆迁问题是我国工业化、城市化加速发展所引发矛盾的集中体现，它汇集了国家政策法律、土地制度、房屋使用权和所有权制度、公民的基本权利以及房地产市场秩序等诸多问题的焦点，涉及到政府、开发商、拆迁实施单位、拆迁评估机构、被拆迁群众等多元利益。如何建立适应社会主义市场经济发展的要求，维护广大被拆迁人利益、有利于城市经济发展和社会稳定的法律制度，是一个十分重大的理论问

3、题，也是一个迫切需要解决的现实问题。特别是随着住房制度改革的不断深化，个人拥有房屋产权的比重日益提高，被拆迁人的权益保护问题日益重要。在房屋拆迁过程中，拆迁人和被拆迁人是拆迁活动的主体，同时它又是在政府的宏观调控下进行的。在拆迁过程中，由于被拆迁人在政治、经济及其它社会资源的拥有方面与被拆迁人天然的不对等性，同时由于作为拆迁活动宏观管理者的地方政府，因为自身利益因素导致其在行使行政权力过程中的角色错位或权力寻租，以致被拆迁人的合法权益容易受到侵害，且很难依靠行政、司法途径得到有效救济，自助行为更是无济于事，一些因拆迁引发的极端事件时有发生，不时见诸于报端。私有财产在西方曾经被视为神圣不可侵犯，

4、于是有“百姓的茅草屋风能进，雨能进，国王不能进”之谚语，但是随着时代的发展，私有财产也负有了一定的社会义务，为了公共利益的实现，个人财产权利得到限制。但是何谓公共利益？如何在城市房屋拆迁中确定公共利益？我们认为应当由全国人大常委会对公共利益先进行立法解释，首先明确它的内涵，然后再对其范围通过正反两个方面进行列举。当拆迁正当性具备时，拆迁主体该如何担当各自角色是一个关键问题，我们发现实践中的房屋拆迁具有相当的行政色彩，且没有对公益拆迁和商业拆迁加以区别对待；发现城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人无论是在实体权利还是在程序权利上都受到了不同程度的侵害。“事出有因”决定了我们不得不重新审视被拆迁人权益受损的原因

5、。法律制度的不完善导致了实践中无法可依、甚至是有法乱依（比如假借“公益拆迁”之名行商业拆迁之实、抑或曲解立法原意）；地方政府的角色定位不当出现了政府干预补偿价格甚至直接参与拆迁等诸多不当行为。确立一套原则，对于规范城市房屋拆迁过程中的政府、拆迁人和被拆迁人是十分必要的。在中国的当下，可以说国家中立原则是一个必需的原则，它包含了立法中立、行政中立和司法中立。同样，正当程序原则、利益衡平原则以及有利于弱者的原则亦是被拆迁人权益保护的应有之意。2004年宪法修正案指出“公民合法的私有财产不受侵犯”，现有法律制度应当对其进行回应。立法应该从概念界定、拆迁行为区分、公平补偿制度的建立、拆迁程序地规范、救

6、济的提供等不同方面进行完善，为城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人权益保护提供完善的法律制度保障。以下是本文的主要内容和行文逻辑：第一章，导论。从我国日益严峻的城市房屋拆迁出发，首先阐明本文要研究的意义，然后综述国内外当前关于城市房屋拆迁的研究成果，并介绍全文的主要研究方法、基本思路和逻辑结构。第二章，城市房屋拆迁行为的法律定位。本章首先界定了城市房屋拆迁行为性质，然后分析了政府与拆迁人、拆迁人与被拆迁人之间的法律关系。 第三章，对城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人权益保护的应然与实然状态进行了分析。解构了被拆迁人实体上的和程序上的权利，同时，检视了城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人权益保护的实然状态，指出了被拆迁人权益受损的现状

7、。第四章，被拆迁人权益受损原因的分析。该部分从法律和政府两个维度进行了分析，为下文的对策提出奠定了基础。第五章，城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人权益保护的制度构建。这一部分是本文的重点。首先，文章指出了被拆迁人权益法律保护的四项原则，即国家中立原则、正当程序原则、利益平衡原则和有利弱者原则。其次，从立法的角度对被拆迁人权益保护提出了公平补偿制度的建立、公平估价机构的设置、行政征收和征用法的制定等若干建议。最后，对政府在房屋拆迁中的角色定位进行了探讨。整篇文章是以“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的逻辑结构展开的。本文的创新之处首先是对现有文献进行了综述，揭示了当下城市房屋拆迁中被拆迁人权益保护研究之不足，

8、为进一步研究指明了努力的方向；其次，论文关注了新近颁行的物权法对城市房屋拆迁问题带来的影响，使得论文具有时效性；再次，文章以翔实的数据和案件为材料，有力地证明了文章的观点；最后，我们从法律角度，提出了若干富有对策性的建议，例如，文章较为系统地提出了被拆迁人权益保护的原则，提出了加强新闻媒体对拆迁行为进行社会监督等对策。关键词：房屋拆迁； 被拆迁人； 权益保护；补偿AbstractUrban housing removal integrates the conflicts during indusrtialization and urbanaization. Conceming the inte

9、rests among govermmnets,valuation orgnaizations and the owners of removal housings，it comprises mnay of cisuchasstate Policies & lwas ,landpoliy,land use and property policy,citize n privilege and real estate makret condition.It is a singifienat theoretieal issue and urgent practical problem how to

10、estbalish a porper rmeoval system which can not only adpats the demnad of socialism market economy and uphold the benefits of citizens but also fvors urban economy development and society stbale.In particular with the housing system reform is deepening, individual property rights of the increasing p

11、roportion of the protection of human rights and the demolition was to protect an increasingly important issue. In the process of house demolition, relocation and demolition was one of the main activities of the demolition is at the same time it is the governments macro-control next. In the process o

12、f demolition, was due to the relocation of people in the political, economic and other social resources have been with the demolition of peoples natural right, and so on, at the same time, as a result of the demolition activities of the macro-management of local government, as factors that lead to i

13、ts own interests in the exercise of the executive. The role of power in the process of dislocation or rent-seeking powers, so that the demolition was the legitimate interests of the vulnerable, and it is difficult to rely on administrative, judicial and effective way to get relief, acts of self-help

14、 is of no avail, as a result of the demolition triggered by a number of extreme events occur from time to time, Appeared in news -papers from time to time.Private property in the West have been regarded as sacred and inviolable, so into the wind and rain to enter the king can not enter, saying, but

15、with time, private property also has a certain social obligations to the public To achieve the interests of individual property rights are restricted. But what is meant by public interest? How to determine the urban housing demolition in the public interest? We believe that by the NPC Standing Commi

16、ttee should be in the public interest to explain the legislation, first of all, it is clear connotation, and then through the scope of its positive and negative aspects of the two lists. When have the legitimacy of the demolition, the demolition of the main ways to play their respective roles is a k

17、ey issue, we find that the practice of house demolition has considerable administrative color, and no demolition of public and commercial demolition to be treated differently; found that the city has been the demolition of housing Demolition of people in both the substantive rights or rights in the

18、procedure have been varying degrees of abuse. By no means accidental, the decision we had to re-examine the demolition was one of the reasons for the interests of the people. The imperfect legal system led to the practice is no legal basis, or even chaos in accordance with the law (for example, unde

19、r the guise of public welfare demolition in the name of the demolition of commercial real or misinterpreted legislative intent); the role of local governments there have been improper government intervention Compensation for the price and even directly involved in the demolition and other misconduct

20、.A set of principles, norms for urban housing demolition in the process of government, the demolition and relocation of people was very necessary. China in the present, the country can be said that the principle of neutrality is an essential principle of neutrality which includes legislation, admini

21、strative neutrality and judicial neutrality. Similarly, the principles of due process, as well as the principle of equity interests in favor of the weak principle is a demolition was to protect the rights and interests of the people should have meaning. 2004 Amendment to the Constitution states that

22、 lawful private property of citizens shall be inviolable and the existing legal system should respond to them. Legislation should define the concept, the distinction between acts of demolition and fair compensation system, to standardize procedures for demolition, the provision of relief and other a

23、spects of the improvement of the urban housing demolition in the demolition was the protection of human rights and provide the legal protection system.The following are the main contents of this article and the language of logic: Chapter I, Introduction. Chinas increasingly severe urban housing demo

24、lition, the first study to clarify the meaning of this article, and then summarized the current domestic and foreign cities on the demolition of the research and presentation of the full text of the main research methods, the basic thinking and logical structure. Chapter II, urban housing demolition

25、 as a legal act. First of all, this chapter defines the urban nature of the acts of house demolition, and then analyzes the Government and the demolition, relocation and demolition by the legal relationship between the people. Chapter III, the demolition of urban housing demolition was to protect th

26、e rights and interests of the people ought to be real and natural state are analyzed. Deconstruction was the demolition of peoples physical and procedural rights, at the same time, to view the demolition of urban housing demolition was to protect the rights and interests of people of the real likeli

27、hood, that the interests of the people who have been the demolition of the status quo. Chapter IV, who was the demolition of the analysis of the reasons for the interests of the people. The part of the law and government from two-dimensional analysis for the following measures proposed by the founda

28、tion. Chapter V, the demolition of urban housing demolition was to protect the rights and interests of the people to build the system. This part is the focus of this article. First of all, the article points out that the relocation was to protect the legal rights and interests of the four principles

29、, namely the principle of State neutrality, the principle of due process, the principle of balance of interests and conducive to the principles of the weak. Second, from the legislative point of view of the demolition has been put forward to protect human rights and fair compensation system, a fair

30、valuation of the institutions set up, the collection and use of administrative law, such as the development of a number of recommendations. Finally, the Governments housing demolition of the roles were discussed. That an article was based on questions, analyze and solve problems, the logical structu

31、re of the launch.This article have Several innovations, the first is the existing literature reviewed, revealing the immediate demolition of urban housing demolition was the protection of human rights and lack of research, in order to further study pointed out the direction; Secondly, the paper has

32、been concerned about the newly enacted Property Law, the demolition of urban housing problems, made with time-sensitive papers; Finally, from a legal point of view we have put forward a number of countermeasures full of proposals, for example, the article proposes strengthening the demolition of the news media to carry out acts of community supervision response.Key words: Houses demolition and removal; People being demolished and relocated; Protection