国外土壤环境质量标准概况.docx

1、国外土壤环境质量标准概况国外土壤环境质量标准概况1保护对象的多样性（1）人体健康（2）生态系统a植物：农作物、其它植物b野生动物：哺乳类动物、鸟类c无脊椎动物d生物过程（3）地下水2暴露方式的多样性（1）皮肤接触（2）直接摄入（3）间接摄入（4）呼吸吸入（5）地下水饮用3标准的多样性（1）通用标准（2）按土地用途分类标准（3）按暴露方式分类标准（4）土地修复（5）污染物清除国外土壤环境质量标准指标金属的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)金属的警示值(mg/kg)金属的行动干预值(mg/kg)比利时捷克荷兰斯洛伐克奥地利比利时捷克德国斯洛伐克瑞典奥地利比利时捷克荷兰斯洛伐克As123029292040

2、6550301550300705550Ba60016050010006252000Be50.0431520203030Cd0.20.50.800.8231020511030201220Cr3413010013050125450400250250250520500380800Cr(六价)2.54.215Hg0.050.40.30.3292.520251056101010Pb25808585100195250400150300500700300530600Ni2460353570150180140100150140300250210500Zn230150050070071025007203000国

3、外土壤环境质量标准指标有机物的可忽略风险浓度(mg/kg)比利时捷克荷兰斯洛伐克苯0.10.030.01乙苯0.10.040.0021甲苯0.10.030.0007二甲苯0.20.030.0007萘0.050.01蒽0.10.1苯并芘0.010.10.1三氯乙烯0.10.01PCB0.020.024美国土壤环境质量标准体系（1）美国国家土壤环境质量标准体系的组成:a通用土壤筛选值(Generic SSLs)b生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)c人体健康土壤筛选值d土壤放射性核素筛选值（2）美国区系(region)土壤环境质量标准体系（3）美国各州的土壤环境质量标准体系5美国土壤环境质量标准体系

4、的特点科学性系统性完整性互补性6美国通用土壤筛选值美国EPA通用土壤筛选值1（见附件）通用土壤筛选值2CAS号Compound（化合物）Ingestion（摄入量）(mg/kg)Inhalation（吸入）Fugitive particulate(mg/kg)Migration to ground water（地下水迁移）20 DAF(mg/kg)1 DAF(mg/kg)无机物7440-36-0锑 Sb31-50.37440-38-2砷 As0.47502917440-39-3钡 Ba55006.9E051600827440-41-7铍 Be0.113006337440-43-9镉 Cd781

5、80080.47440-47-3总铬39027038216065-83-1三价铬78000-18540-29-9六价铬39027038257-12-5氢化物1600-4027439-92-1铅 Pb400-7440-02-0镍 Ni16001300013077782-49-2硒390-50.37440-22-4银 Ag390-3427440-28-0铊-0.70.047440-62-2钒550-60003007440-66-6锌 Zn23000-12000620有机物67-64-1丙酮78001.0E05160.8309-00-2艾氏剂0.0430.50.0271-43-2苯220.80.03

6、0.00265-85-0苯甲酸3.1E05-4002075-25-2三溴甲烷81530.80.0471-36-3丁醇780010000170.967-66-3三氯甲烷1000.30.60.0372-54-8DDD3-160.872-55-9DDE2-54350-29-3DDT2-3221336-36-3多氯联苯PCBs1-108-95-2苯酚47000-10057美国生态土壤筛选值生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs) （mg/kg土壤干重）序号金属和有机污染物植物土壤无脊椎动物野生动物鸟类哺乳动物1镉Cd321400.770.362铬Cr-Cr-26Cr-无Cr-34Cr-1303钴Co13-1

7、202304铜Cu708028495铅Pb120170011566锰Mn220450430040007镍Ni382802101308硒Se0.524.11.20.639银Ag560-4.21410钒V-7.828011锌Zn160120467912锑Sb-78-0.2713砷As18-434614钡Ba-330-200015铋Be-40-2116DDT(包括代谢物)-0.0930.02117狄氏剂-0.0220.004918PAH低分子量-29-100高分子量-18-1.119五氯苯酚5.0312.12.88美国人体健康土壤筛选值居住区土壤筛选值（mg/kg）污染物摄入-皮肤接触挥发物吸入地下

8、水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.0430.50.02DDT2-322狄氏剂0.0410.0040.0002锑Sb31-50.3砷As0.4-291钡Ba5500-160082铋Be160-633镉Cd70-80.4铬（总量）230-382铬Cr-120000-铬Cr-230-382汞Hg1600-20.1镍Ni23101307硒Se1600-50.3银Ag390-342铊TI390-0.70.04钒V6-6000300锌Zn550-12000620商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室外作业人员为受体）（mg/kg）污染物摄入-皮肤接触挥发物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.260.50.0

9、2DDT8-322狄氏剂0.220.0040.0002锑Sb450-50.3砷As2-291钡Ba79000-160082铋Be2300-633镉Cd900-80.4铬（总量）3400-382铬Cr-1000000-铬Cr-3400-382汞Hg3401420.1镍Ni23000-1307硒Se5700-50.3银Ag5700-342铊TI91-0.70.04钒V7900-6000300锌Zn340000-12000620商业区/工业区土壤筛选值（以室内作业人员为受体）（mg/kg）污染物摄入-皮肤接触地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏剂0.30.50.02DDT17322狄氏剂0.40.004

10、0.0002锑Sb82050.3砷As4291钡Ba140000160082铋Be4100633镉Cd200080.4铬（总量）6100382铬Cr-1000000-铬Cr-6100382汞Hg61020.1镍Ni410001307硒Se1000050.3银Ag10000342铊TI1600.70.04钒V140006000300锌Zn610000120006209美国土壤筛选值的制定方法通用土壤筛选值(Generic SSLs)制定方法生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)制定方法人体健康土壤筛选值制定方法确定土壤筛选值(SSLs)的一般步骤Developing a conceptual sit

11、e model (CSM)建立一个概念化的污染场址模型Comparing the CSM to the SSL scenario比较模型和土壤筛选值的情况Defining data collection needs定义数据采集需要Sampling and analyzing soils at site现场采样和分析土壤Calculating site-specific SSLs计算特定土壤筛选值Comparing site soil contaminant concentrations to calculated SSLs比较现场土壤污染物浓度与计算出的土壤筛选值Determining whi

12、ch areas of the site require further study.确定哪些方面需要进一步研究。确定生态土壤筛选值(Eco-SSLs)的步骤The General Process for Establishing Eco-SSLs一般的建立步骤Step 1: Literature Search资料收集Step 2: Determine Acceptability of Study for Use in Deriving Eco-SSL确定用于推导生态土壤筛选值可接受性的研究Step 3: Extract, Evaluate and Score Data提取、评估和数据打分St

13、ep 4: Select Value选择值Oregon（俄勒冈州）生态风险评价筛选值污染物植物无脊椎动物鸟类哺乳动物铝Al50600450107锑Sb515砷As10601029钡Ba500300085638铍Be1083铋Bi20硼B0.5201203500溴Br10镉Cd4206125钙Ca铬Cr10.44340000铬Cr410钴Co201000150铜Cu10050190390铁Fe10200碘I4镧La50铅Pb50500164000锂Li2101175镁Mg锰Mn500100412511000汞Hg0.30.11.573钼Mo22001514镍Ni30200320625铌Nb9钾K

14、硒Se170225银Ag250钠Na锶Sr32875锝Te0.2碲Th2铊Tl11锡Sn502000钛Ti1000钨W400铀U565170钒V24725锌Zn502006020000锆Zr9710荷兰土壤环境质量标准体系Target values 目标值 Soil remediation intervention values 土壤修复干预值Indicative levels for serious contamination 严重污染警示值 MetalsSoil (mg/kg dry matter)National background concentrationTarget valueI

15、ntervention valueSb3315As292955Ba160160625Cd0.80.812Cr100100380Co99240Cu3636190Hg0.30.310Pb8585530Mo0.53200Ni3535210Zn14014072011加拿大土壤环境质量标准体系Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines 加拿大土壤质量指导值for four land use categories:四个应用类别（1）Agricultural 农业用地: where the primary land use is growing crops or tending liv

16、estock. This also includes agricultural lands that provide habitat for resident and transitory wildlife and native flora.主要用于作物栽培和放养家畜,包括野生动植物栖息地 （2）Residential/Parkland 居住/公共用地: where the primary activity is residential or recreational activity; parkland is defined as a buffer between areas of resi

17、dency, and also includes campground areas, but excludes wildlands such as national or provincial parks.居住和娱乐活动用地,居住区之间的缓冲区 ,露营地,但不包括国家公园的荒地（3）Commercial商业用地: where the primary activity is commercial (e.g.,shopping mall) and not residential or manufacturing. This does not include zones where food is

18、grown.主要用于商业购物，不是居住和制造，不包括食品种植区域。（4）Industrial工业用地: where the primary activity involves the production, manufacture, or construction of goods.主要用于货物的生产、制造、建设Two generic soil types（两个通用土壤类型）coarse-textured soils (砂土)fine-textured soils（粘土）The criterion distinguishing the two categories is a median gr

19、ain size of 75 microns.（以平均晶粒75微米为准则区别这两种土壤。）Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (mgkg-1).SubstanceAgricultural（农业的）Residential/parkland*（居住和公园）Commercial（商业的）Industrial（工业的）CoarseFineCoarse Fine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine Arsenic 砷12121212Barium 钡75050020002000Cadmium 镉1.4102222Lead 铅70140260600DDT0.70.7

20、1212Nickel 镍50505050Benzene 苯Surface（表土）0.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.0068Subsoil（底土）0.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.006812澳大利亚土壤环境质量标准体系Soil Investigation level(mg/kg)Australia澳大利亚土壤调查值Substances物质Health investigation levels(HILs)健康调查值Ecological investigation levels(EILs)生态调查值Back

21、ground ranges背景值ABCDEFInteriumurbanAs100400200500201-50Be208040100Cd20804010031Co1004002005001-40Pb300120060015006002-200Mn1500600030007500500850Ni60024006003000605-500DDT+DDD+DDE2008004001000PCBs1040205013瑞典土壤环境质量标准按土地敏感程度,guideline values分为三类:（1）敏感土地(sensitive land use)（2）较不敏感土地地下水保护(less sensitiv

22、e land use,groundwater protection)（3）较不敏感土地(less sensitive land use)按污染程度评价分类Not very serious guideline valuesModerately serious 1-3guideline valuesSerious 3-10guideline valuesVery serious 10guideline values14巴西圣保罗州土壤环境质量标准quality reference value参考值preventing value, 预防值intervention value干涉值The model

23、 used by CETESB to obtain these values was based on that developed by the Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment.基于荷兰国家研究所的公众健康与环境发展起来的15德国土壤环境质量标准中的特色1.三级设定:Precaution levels 预防值Trigger levels启动值Action levels 行动值2.污染途径(Pathway):Soilhuman beings(direct contact)土壤人体直接接触Soil-plants(transfer)土壤-植物转移Soil-groundwat