1、考研英语二真题及解析2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk
2、 of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good healt
3、h.Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And o
4、ver 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others wit
5、h a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are s
6、ometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overw
7、eight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness
8、initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. A denied B concluded C doubled D ensured2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome3. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore
9、4. A indicator B objective C origin D example5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern6. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part9. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward10.
10、 A so B while C since D unless11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste12. A start B quality C retire D stay13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored16. A computed B combined C settled D associated17. A E
11、ven B Still C Yet D Only18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies20. A for B against C with D withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
12、 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her newfound fo
13、rtune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve
14、 visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes oldhat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or
15、 even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with timeas stories or memoriesparticularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems
16、 most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is oft
17、en more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRiba marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of
18、 Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people
19、around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was
20、money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?A A big house. B A special tour. C A stylish car. D A rich meal.22. The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV is _.A critical B supportive C sympathetic D ambiguous23. McRib is mentioned
21、in Paragraph 3 to show that _.A consumers are sometimes irrational B popularity usually comes after qualityC marketing tricks are after effective D rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money _.A has left much room for readers criticism B may prove to be a wor
22、thwhile purchaseC has predicted a wider income gap in the US D may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to _.A balance feeling good and spending money B spend large sums of money won in lotteriesC obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent D become more reasona
23、ble in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful than you are. We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to research
24、into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves
25、into selfaffirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness. Rather th
26、at have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurrin
27、g rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering imagewhich must didthey genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those
28、who selfenhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other
29、 makers for having higher selfesteem. “I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you wont be selfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epleys study, it m
30、akes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerallyon one level, they dont even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a selfenhancers paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellec
31、t and lifestyles. “Its not that peoples profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of WisconMadison university,” but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that _.A our selfratings are unrealistically high B illusory superiority is a baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnatural D selfenhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples _
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