数学专业英语常用词汇.docx

1、数学专业英语常用词汇2.有关集合数学专业英语词汇代数部分union并集?propersubset真子集?1.有关数*算solutionset解集?add，plus加?3.有关代数式、方程和不等式subtract减?difference差?algebraicterm代数项?multiply,times乘?liketerms,similarterms同类项?product积?numericalcoefficient数字系数?divide除?literalcoefficient字母系数?divisible可被整除的?inequality不等式?dividedevenly被整除?triangleine

2、quality三角不等式?dividend被除数，红利?range值域?divisor因子，除数?originalequation原方程?quotient商?equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程?remainder余数?linearequation线性方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22)?factorial阶乘?power乘方?4.有关分数和小数radicalsign,rootsign根号?roundto四舍五入?properfraction真分数?tothenearest四舍五入improperfraction假分数?mixednumber带分数?cuberoot立方根?vu

3、lgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数?commonlogarithm常用对数?simplefraction简分数?digit数字?complexfraction繁分数?constant常数?numerator分子?variable变量?denominator分母?inversefunction反函数?(least)commondenominator（最小）公分complementaryfunction余函数?母?linear一次的，线性的?quarter四分之一?factorization因式分解?decimalfraction纯小数?absolutevalue绝对值

4、，e.g.-32=32?infinitedecimal无穷小数roundoff四舍五入?recurringdecimal循环小数?tenthsunit十分位?6.有关数论5.基本数学概念naturalnumber自然数?positivenumber正数?arithmeticmean算术平均值?negativenumber负数?weightedaverage加权平均值?oddinteger,oddnumber奇数?geometricmean几何平均数?eveninteger,evennumber偶数?exponent指数，幂?integer,wholenumber整数?base乘幂的底数,底边?

5、positivewholenumber正整数?cube立方数，立方体?negativewholenumber负整数?squareroot平方根?consecutivenumber连续整数?realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数?irrational（number）无理数?arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数inverse倒数?列?compositenumber合数e.g.geometricprogression(sequence)等比数4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15?列?primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13

6、,15注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数approximate近似?reciprocal倒数?(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向?commondivisor公约数?cardinal基数?multiple倍数?ordinal序数?(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数?directproportion正比?(prime)factor(质)因子?distinct不同的?commonfactor公因子?estimation估计，近似?ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制?parentheses括号?nonnegative非负的?

7、proportion比例?tens十位?permutation排列?units个位?combination组合?mode众数?table表格?median中数?trigonometricfunction三角函数?commonratio公比?unit单位,位?6.数列几何部分isoscelestriangle等腰三角形?7.所有的角righttriangle直角三角形?oblique斜三角形?alternateangle内错角?inscribedtriangle内接三角形?correspondingangle同位角?verticalangle对顶角?3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外centra

8、langle圆心角?interiorangle内角?semicircle半圆?exteriorangle外角?concentriccircles同心圆?supplementaryangles补角?quadrilateral四边形?complementaryangle余角?pentagon五边形?adjacentangle邻角?hexagon六边形?acuteangle锐角?heptagon七边形?obtuseangle钝角?octagon八边形?rightangle直角?nonagon九边形?roundangle周角?decagon十边形?straightangle平角?polygon多边形?

9、includedangle夹角?parallelogram平行四边形?equilateral等边形?8.所有的三角形plane平面?square正方形，平方?equilateraltriangle等边三角形?rectangle长方形?scalenetriangle不等边三角形?regularpolygon正多边形?rhombus菱形?altitude高?trapezoid梯形?depth深度?side边长?9.其它平面图形circumference,perimeter周长?radian弧度?arc弧?surfacearea表面积?line,straightline直线?volume体积?lin

10、esegment线段?arm直角三角形的股?parallellines平行线?crosssection横截面?segmentofacircle弧形?centerofacircle圆心?chord弦?10.有关立体图形radius半径?anglebisector角平分线?cube立方体，立方数?diagonal对角线?rectangularsolid长方体?diameter直径?regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体?edge棱?circularcylinder圆柱体?faceofasolid立体的面?cone圆锥?hypotenuse斜边?sphere球体?inc

11、ludedside夹边?solid立体的?leg三角形的直角边?medianofatriangle三角形的中线?11.有关图形上的附属物base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）?opposite直角三角形中的对边?trigonometry三角学?midpoint中点?bisect平分?endpoint端点?circumscribe外切?vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点?inscribe内切?tangent切线的?intersect相交?transversal截线?perpendicular垂直?intercept截距?pythagoreantheorem勾股定理?con

12、gruent全等的?12.有关坐标multilateral多边的?coordinatesystem坐标系?rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系?origin原点?1.单位类abscissa横坐标?ordinate纵坐标?cent美分?numberline数轴?penny一美分硬币?quadrant象限?nickel5美分硬币?slope斜率?dime一角硬币?complexplane复平面?dozen打（12个）?score廿(20个)?13.其它Centigrade摄氏?Fahrenheit华氏?planegeometry平面几何?quart夸脱?gallon加仑(1gall

13、on=4quart)?dividend红利?yard码?decreaseto减少到?meter米?decreaseby减少了?micron微米?increaseto增加到?inch英寸?increaseby增加了?foot英尺?denote表示?minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)?listprice标价?squaremeasure平方单位制?markup涨价?cubicmeter立方米?percapita每人?pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)?ratio比率?retailprice零售价?14.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业tie打Chapteroneintercalaryyear

14、(leapyear)闰年(366天)?functionnotation方程符号函数符号commonyear平年(365天)?quadraticfunctions二次函数depreciation折旧?quadraticequations二次方程式二次等式downpayment直接付款?discount打折?chaptertwomargin利润?Equivalentalgebraicexpressions等价代数profit利润?表达式interest利息?rationalexpression有理式有理表达式simpleinterest单利?horizontalandverticaltransla

15、tionofcompoundedinterest复利?functions函数的水平和垂直的平移reflectionsoffunctions函数的倒映映射chapterthreeExponentialfunctions指数函数exponentialdecay指数式衰减exponent指数数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)propertiesofexponentialfunctions指数函公理axiom数的特性定理theoremchapterfour计算calculationTrigonometry三角学运算operationReciprocaltrigonom

16、etricratios倒数三角函证明prove数比假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)Trigonometricfunctions三角函数命题proposition算术arithmeticDiscretefunctions离散函数加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),分母denominato

17、rmultiplication(n.)比ratio被乘数multiplicand,faciend正positive乘数multiplicator负negative积product零null,zero,nought,nil除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)十进制decimalsystem被除数dividend二进制binarysystem除数divisor十六进制hexadecimalsystem商quotient权weight,significance等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto进位carry大于isgrea

18、terthan截尾truncation小于islesserthan四舍五入round大于等于isequalorgreaterthan下舍入rounddown小于等于isequalorlesserthan上舍入roundup运算符operator有效数字significantdigit数字digit无效数字insignificantdigit数number代数algebra自然数naturalnumber公式formula,formulae(pl.)整数integer单项式monomial小数decimal多项式polynomial,multinomial小数点decimalpoint系数coe

19、fficient分数fraction未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor分子numerator等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation并集union二次方程quadraticequation补集complement三次方程cubicequation映射mapping四次方程quarticequation函数function不等式inequation定义域domain,fieldofdefinition阶乘factorial值域range对数logarithm常量constant指数，幂exponent变量variable乘方powe

20、r单调性monotonicity二次方，平方square奇偶性parity三次方，立方cube周期性periodicity四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpower图象imagen次方thepowerofn,thenthpower数列，级数series开方evolution,extraction微积分calculus二次方根，平方根squareroot微分differential三次方根，立方根cuberoot导数derivative四次方根therootoffour,thefourthroot极限limitn次方根therootofn,thenthroot无穷大infi

21、nite(a.)infinity(n.)集合aggregate无穷小infinitesimal元素element积分integral空集void定积分definiteintegral子集subset不定积分indefiniteintegral交集intersection有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber底base实数realnumber边side虚数imaginarynumber高height复数complexnumber三角形triangle矩阵matrix锐角三角形acutetriangle行列式determinant直角三角形righttriangl

22、e几何geometry直角边leg点point斜边hypotenuse线line勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem面plane钝角三角形obtusetriangle体solid不等边三角形scalenetriangle线段segment等腰三角形isoscelestriangle射线radial等边三角形equilateraltriangle平行parallel四边形quadrilateral相交intersect平行四边形parallelogram角angle矩形rectangle角度degree长length弧度radian宽width锐角acuteangle菱形rhomb,rh

23、ombus,rhombi(pl.),直角rightanglediamond钝角obtuseangle正方形square平角straightangle梯形trapezoid周角perigon直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid面积area五边形pentagon轨迹locus,loca(pl.)六边形hexagon相似similar七边形heptagon全等congruent八边形octagon四面体tetrahedron九边形enneagon五面体pentahedron十边形decagon六面体hexahedron十一边形hendecagon平行六面体

24、parallelepiped十二边形dodecagon立方体cube多边形polygon七面体heptahedron正多边形equilateralpolygon八面体octahedron圆circle九面体enneahedron圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)十面体decahedron半径radius十一面体hendecahedron直径diameter十二面体dodecahedron圆周率pi二十面体icosahedron弧arc多面体polyhedron半圆semicircle棱锥pyramid扇形sector棱柱prism环ring棱台frustumofaprism椭圆

25、ellipse旋转rotation圆周circumference轴axis周长perimeter圆锥cone圆柱cylinder反余弦arccosine圆台frustumofacone反正切arctangent球sphere反余切arccotangent半球hemisphere反正割arcsecant底面undersurface反余割arccosecant表面积surfacearea相位phase体积volume周期period空间space振幅amplitude坐标系coordinates内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis

26、外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)横坐标x-coordinate旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)纵坐标y-coordinate垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)原点origin重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)双曲线hyperbola内切圆inscribedcircle抛物线parabola外切圆circumcircle三角trigonometry统计statistics正弦sine平均数average余弦cosine加权平均数weightedaverage正切tangent方

27、差variance余切cotangent标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,正割secantstandarddeviation余割cosecant比例propotion反正弦arcsine百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram