初中动词不定式用法及练习.docx

1、初中动词不定式用法及练习动词不定式用法及练习动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、构成：to do .否定式 not to do二、常见时态：一般时 to do 进行时 to be doing 完成式 to have done完成进行式 to have been doing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主

2、语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White.To

3、 walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.句型总结It is + adj. + of sb. to do= sb. isare +adj. +to do在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）It is very kind of you to help me. Its not polite of

4、 him to speak to old people like that.It is + adj. + for sb. to do sb. isare +adj. +to do如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。It is necessary for us to study hard.It is easy for him to speak English.2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job isto help the patient.You

5、r task isto clean the classroom.My dream is to own a robot.The doctors suggestion is to take more exercise.The best way isto talk to your parents.His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.My purpose is to help you solve this problem.3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate,

6、 wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget,plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.They began to read and write.She forgot to close the d

7、oor.He wanted to borrow my CD player.I hope to speak English well.The workers demanded to get better pay.Ihope to hear from you soon.John doesnt want to be the host of the charity show.They are trying to solve the problem by himself.Millions of people have learned to use computers.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动

8、名词作宾语，但含义不同： forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事 need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing sth. 需要被做Dont forge to turn off the lights before leaving.Father must stop smoking.This bike needs repairing/m

9、ending.注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构I found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it important to learn English.I fond it difficult to learn physics.注意2：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。构成“vt

10、,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”结构。The teacher told us to read the text.He asked me not to tell you the news.His parentsdidnt allow him to play.I expect you to give me some help.Mr.Lu asks ue to hand in our homework on time.The docter advised Mr. Green to drink more water.Mr. Wu tells the students not to shou

11、t in class.Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.注意3：不定式作宾补省去 to 的情况(在被动语态中则to 不能省掉)常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、五看（look at, see, watch, notice,observe）”help 可带to，也可不带tohelp sb (to) do sthI made himtodo his work.-make sb.do sth.Please listen to me

12、tosing this song again.-listen to sb.do sth.I felt someone to open my door.-fell sb.do sth.The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day.-make sb.do sth.You must watch me to do everything-watch sb.do sth.Internet bars mustnt let anybody watch bad things, especially children.-let sb.do sth.He often h

13、elps (to) clean the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.被动语to要加上He was made to do his work (by me)They are made to work for 12 hours a day.He was heard to speak in the next room.John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment.The patient was warned not to eat food after the op

14、eration.Internet bars mustnt let anybody watch bad things, especially children.4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.I want to get something to read during the holiday.We have a lot work to do .She is the first person to think of the idea.I have something interesting to tell you

15、.He is looking for a room to live in .-live是不及物动词There is nothing for us to worry about.-worry是不及物动词Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave.There is no need to trouble him. 没有必要去烦他Have you got anything important to tell me? 重要的事情去告诉我Ive got nothingto worry about. 没有什么去担心Im thirsty. G

16、ive me something to drink.给我些东西去喝Spring is the best season to plant trees. 春季是最好的季节去种树We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有机会去上大学5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。come to do sth.go to do sth.stop to do sth.in order (not) to do too + adj. + to do sth.adj.adv. + enough to do sthso as to ,e

17、nough to ,only to , She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）Lets stop to have a rest.She is too young to go to school.（结果）He runs fast enough to catch a horse.Im sorry to make you wait here so long.（原因）We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.In order to improve his English, Tom goes to th

18、e English corner every day.I was too tired to fall sleep.She ran fast to catch the first bus.He is rich enough to buy a car.A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 目的In order to help him,we would do everything we can.(目的)Im too tired to do well. 结果He is old enough to go to sch

19、ool . 结果六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。例如：I dont know what to try next. （作宾语） Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we /

20、 you go there?)在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)I really dont know what to write about.(=what I should write about)The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine)I asked him how to learn En

21、glish well.(=how I could learn English well)He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.Please show us how to use the computer.I dont know what to buy for you.Exercise一、填空1.你父亲愿意去购物吗？ 不，他宁可在家听音乐。 Does your father want to go shopping? No.he at hom

22、e.2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。 They found the disabled.3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。 Audrey Hepburn the film industry.4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。 Tell the poor.5,He . (宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影) 6,Father(习惯于看报)after supper.7, If someone laughs at you, youshould .(不理睬)答案1,prefers to would rather listen to music2,it (was) necessary to help3,devote

23、d most of her time to4,children not to look down on 5，prefers staying at home to going to the cinema6，is used to reading newspapers ,7，pay no attention to him二，选择1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once mo

24、re.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I fo

25、und the German language hard _.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _

26、the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job?

27、- No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try going C. to t

28、ry going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being

29、read1-5BDCBD 6-10CBABD 11-14BAAC三、选择1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D.

30、 dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it