心理学专业名词中英文对照.docx

1、心理学专业名词中英文对照心理学专业名词中英文对照心理学专业名词中英文对照感觉记忆（SM）sensorymemory短期记忆（STM）short-termM.长期记忆（LTM）long-termmemory复诵-rehearsal预示(激发)-priming童年失忆症-childhoodamnesia视觉编码（表征）-visualcode(representation)听觉编码acousticcode运作记忆-workingmemory语意性知识semanticknowledge记忆扫瞄程序memoryscanningprocedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustiveS.P.自我终止式扫瞄s

2、elf-terminatedS.程序性知识proceduralknowledge命题（陈述）性知识-propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识episodicK.讯息处理深度depthofprocessing精致化处理elaboration登录特殊性codingspecificity记忆术mnemonic位置记忆法methodofloci字钩法pegword（线）探索（测）(激发)字prime关键词-keyword命题思考-propositionalthought心像思考-imaginalthought行动思考-motoricthought概念-c

3、oncept原型-prototype属性-property特征-feature范例策略-exemplarstrategy语言相对性（假说）linguisticrelativityth.音素-phoneme词素-morpheme(字词的)外延与内涵意义denotative&connotativemeaning（句子的）表层与深层结构surface&deepstructure语意分析法-semanticdifferential全句语言holophrasticspeech过度延伸-over-extension电报式语言telegraphicspeech关键期-criticalperiod差异减缩法-

4、differencereduction方法目的分析-means-endsanalysis倒推-workingbackward动机-motive自由意志-freewill决定论-determinism本能-instinct种属特有行为-speciesspecific驱力-drive诱因-incentive驱力减低说-drivereductionth.恒定状态（作用）homeostasis原级与次级动机primary&secondaryM.功能独立functionalautonomy下视丘侧部（LH）lateralhypothalamus脂肪细胞说-fat-celltheory.下视丘腹中部（VM

5、H）ventromedialH定点论-setpointth.CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征-primarysexcharacteristic第二性征-secondarysexcharacteristic自我效能期望self-efficiencyexpectancy内在（发）动机intrinsicmotive外在（衍）动机extrinsicmotive成就需求-N.achievement需求层级hierarchyofneeds自我实现-selfactualization冲突-conflict多项仪-polygraph肤电反应-GSR(认知)评估-(cognitiveappraisal)脸部回馈假说-

6、facialfeedbackhypothesis(生理)激发-arousal挫折-攻击假说-frustration-aggressionhy.替代学习-vicariouslearning发展-development先天-nature后天-nurture成熟-maturation(视觉)偏好法-preferentialmethod习惯法-habituation视觉悬崖-visualcliff剥夺或丰富(环境)-deprivationorenrichmentofenv.基模-schema同化-assimilation调适-accommodation平衡-equilibrium感觉动作期-senso

7、rimotorstage物体永久性-objectivepermanence运思前期-preoperationalst.保留概念-conservation道德现实主义-moralrealism具体运思期-concreteoperational形式运思期-formaloperationalst.前俗例道德-pre-conventionalmoral俗例道德-conventionalmoral超俗例道德-post-conventionalmoral气质-temperament依附-attachment性别认定-genderidentity性别配合-sextyping性蕾期-phallicstage恋

8、亲冲突Oedipalconflict认同-identification社会学习-sociallearning情结-complex性别恒定-genderconstancy青年期-adolescence青春期-puberty第二性征-secondarysexcharacteristics认同危机-identitycrisis定向统合-identityachievement早闭型统合-foreclosure未定型统合-moratorium迷失型统合-identitydiffusion传承-generativity心理动力-psycho-dynamics心理分析-psychoanalysis行为论-b

9、ehaviorism心理生物观-psycho-biologicalperspective认知-cognition临床心理学家-clinicalpsychologist谘商-counseling人因工程-humanfactorengineering组织-organization潜意识-unconsciousness完形心理学-Gestaltpsychology感觉-sensation知觉-perception实验法-experimentalmethod独变项-independentvariable依变项-dependentV.控制变项-controlV.生理-physiology条件化-cond

10、itioning学习-learning比较心理学-comparativepsy.发展-development社会心理学-socialpsy.人格-personality心理计量学psychometrics受试(者)-subject实验者预期效应experimenterexpectancyeffect双盲法-doubleblind实地实验-fieldexperiment相关-correlation调查-survey访谈-interview个案研究-casestudy观察-observation心理测验-psychologicaltest纹理递变度-texturegradient注意-attent

11、ion物体的组群-groupingofobject型态辨识patternrecognition形象-背景-figure-ground接近律-proximity相似律-similarity闭合律-closure连续律-continuity对称律-symmetry错觉-illusion幻觉-delusion恒常性-constancy大小-size形状-shape位置-location单眼线索-monocularcue线性透视-linear-perspective双眼线索-binocularcue深度-depth调节作用-accommodation重迭-superposition双眼融合-binoc

12、ularfusion辐辏作用-convergence双眼像差-binoculardisparity向度-dimension自动效应-autokineticeffect运动视差-motionparallax诱发运动-inducedmotion闪光运动-stroboscopicmotion上下文脉络-context人工智能-artificialintelligenceA.I.脉络关系作用-contexteffect模板匹配-templatematching整合分析法-analysis-by-synthesis丰富性-redundancy选择性-selective无意识的推论-unconscious

13、inferences运动后效-motionaftereffect特征侦测器featuredetector激发性-excitatory抑制性-inhibitory几何子-geons由上而下处理up-downprocess由下而上处理-bottom-upprocess连结者模式-connectionistmodel联结失识症-associativeagnosia脸孔辨识困难症-prosopagnosia意识-conscious（ness）意识改变状态-alteredstatesofconsciousness无意识-unconsciousness前意识-preconsciousness内省法-int

14、rospection边缘注意-peripheralattention多重人格-multiplepersonality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应lunchline(cocktailparty)effect自动化历程-automaticprocess解离-dissociate解离认同失常-dissociativeidentitydisorder快速眼动睡眠-REMdream非快速眼动睡眠NREMdream神志清醒的梦-luciddreaming失眠-insomnia显性与隐性梦-manifest&laterncontent心理活动性psychoactive冥想-meditation抗药性-toler

15、ance戒断-withdrawal感觉剥夺-sensorydeprivation物质滥用-substanceabuse成瘾-physicaladdiction物质依赖-sub.dependence戒断症状-withdrawalsymptom兴奋剂-stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂-hallucinogen镇定剂-sedative抑制剂-depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄deliriumtremens麻醉剂-narcotic催眠-hypnosis催眠后暗示-posthypnoticsuggestion催眠后失忆posthypnoticamnesia超心理学-parapsychology超感知觉

16、extrasensoryperceptionESP心电感应-telepathy超感视-clairvoyance预知-precognition心理动力psycokinesisPK受纳器-receptor绝对阈-absolutethreshold差异阈-differencethreshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律-Weberslaw心理物理-psychophysical费雪纳定律-Fechnerslaw频率-frequency振幅-amplitude音频-pitch基音-fundamentaltone倍音-overtone和谐音-harmonic音色-timbre白色噪音-whitenoise鼓膜-

17、eardrum耳蜗-cochlea卵形窗ovalwindow圆形窗-roundwindow前庭-vestibularsacs半规管-semicircularcanals角膜-cornea水晶体-lens虹膜-iris瞳孔-pupil网膜-retina睫状肌-ciliarymuscle调节作用-accommodation脊髓-spinalcord反射弧-reflexarc脑干-brainstem计算机轴性线断层扫描-CAT或CTPET-正子放射断层摄影MRI-磁共振显影延脑-medulla桥脑-pons小脑-cerebellum网状结构-reticularformationRAS-网状活化系统视

18、丘-thalamus下视丘-hypothalamus大脑-cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitarygland脑半球-cerebralhemisphere皮质-cortex胼胝体-corpuscallosum边缘系统-limbicsystem海马体-hippocampus杏仁核-amygdala中央沟-centralfissure侧沟-lateralfissure脑叶-lobe同卵双生子-identicaltwins异卵双生子fraternaltwins古典制约-classicalconditioning操作制约-operantconditioning非制约刺激(USuncondit

19、ionedstimulus非制约反应(UR)unconditionedR.制约刺激-(CS)conditionedS.制约反应-(CR)conditionedR.习(获)得-acquisition增强作用-reinforcement消除(弱)-extinction自(发性)然恢复-spontaneousrecovery前行制约forwardconditioning同时制约-simultaneousconditioning回溯制约-backwardcond.痕迹制约traceconditioning延宕制约delayconditioning类化(梯度)-generalization(gradie

20、nt)区辨-discrimination(次级)增强物-(secondary)reinforcer嫌恶刺激-aversivestimulus试误学习-trialanderrorlearning效果率-lawofeffect正(负)性增强物positive(negative)rei.行为塑造behaviorshaping循序渐进-successiveapproximation自行塑造autoshaping部分(连续)增强partial(continuous)R定比(时)时制fixedratio(interval)scheduleFR或FI变化比率(时距)时制variableratio(inter

21、val)scheduleVR或VI逃离反应-escapeR.回避反应avoidanceresponse习得无助-learnedhelplessness顿悟-insight学习心向learningset隐内(潜在)学习-latentlearning认知地图-cognitivemap生理回馈-biofeedback敏感递减法-systematicdesensitization普里迈克原则Premacksprinciple洪水法-flooding观察学习-observationallearning动物行为学-ethology敏感化sensitization习惯化-habituation联结-association认知学习-cognitionalL.观察学习-observationalL.登录编码-encoding保留储存-retention提取-retrieval回忆-(freerecall全现心像照相式记忆-eideticimageryphoto