虚拟语气.docx

1、虚拟语气虚拟语气 语气1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ 、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 Dont f

2、orget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气的分类 A 状语从句

3、中的虚拟语气 B 名词性从句中虚拟语气 C 简单句中的虚拟语气A 状语从句中的虚拟语气一 if条件句中虚拟语气以及倒装：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，真实条件句用于陈述语气。一类为非真实条件句，非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形如: If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.

4、如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。练习If you _ (succeed), everything _ ( be ) all right.If you _(succeed), everything _ (be) all right.If you _(succeed), everything _ ( be) all right.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might

5、 +动词原形如: If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。练习If they _ (be) here, they _ ( help) you.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）如: If I had seen the film, I would have told

6、you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。练习： If she _ (work)harder, she _ (succeed). The rice _ (be burnt) if you _ (be) more careful. If条件状语虚拟句的几个需要注意的问题倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should he a

7、gree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了练习: 改写句子 Were they here now, they could help us. _. If you had come earlier, you would h

8、ave met him. _ Should it rain, the crops would be saved. _省略有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。含蓄的虚拟有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如“bu

9、t for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟：如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。此时可以看成用

10、介词短语代替了条件状语从句练习:改写句子（把介词短语改写成一个条件状语从句） Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I

11、 would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实

12、相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he

13、had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。练习：翻译句子（英文翻译成中文）If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone with him二其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：

14、should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略如：She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如：He goes closer to the

15、 speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他亲自来也

16、不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及时华佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him w

17、herever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes h

18、e may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though引导的方式状

19、语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should+原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angr

20、y, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：1 should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。2 shoul

21、d + 完成式, 指过去如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from )。B名词性从句一.宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气1 wish（How I wish/If only 要是就好了 = I wish）后面的宾语从句(省略引导词that)如：I wish I learnt Englis

22、h well. 我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。用wish表示对将来事情的主观愿望，主句和从句的主语不相同表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前(1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / m

23、ight / should + 原形动词练习: I wish it _ (stop) raining. 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) I wish you _ (be) quiet. 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) You wished she _( arrive) the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) I wish she _( change )her mind. 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) I _(know) the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

24、I wish it_ (be) spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) I wish I _(be) a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) When she was at the party,she wished she _(be) at home.(事实上并不在家) Now that he is in China, he wishes he_ (understand) Chinese. 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) He wishes he _ ( lose) the chanc

25、e. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) We wished he _(speak) to us. (事实上他并没同我们讲) I wish you _ (call) earlier. (事实上已迟了) They will wish they _ (listen) to us sooner. (事实上并不如此) 注意： 如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。 如: I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

26、如: I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would stop asking silly questions.2 would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rather you were

27、here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前(1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be 用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should + 原形动词练习: John would rather that she _（not go）to the party yesterday evening. Don t liv

28、e in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you _ (die). I would rather you _(go) tomorrow. I would rather everything _ (not happen) in the past.注意： 若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形 如：I would rather stay at home today. would rather.than.中用动词原形 如：I would rather stay at home than go out today.3英

29、语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。 注意：当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt