1、冠词讲解及配套练习 冠 词 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。不定冠词用法( 2,3,4是选讲内容 )一 , a 还是 an 不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作e,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。h不发音,开头音标是元音常见的单词有,honest诚实的 , hour小时, honor荣誉, U 不发音,开头音
2、标是辅音,常见单词有university大学, useful有用的, usual平常的 , uniform校服, unit 单元, E开头不发元音的常见的单词有, Europe, 在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音开头的。小小练习1._hour ago, _ honest man accepted _honor task2 My teacher gave me useful book yesterday afternoon.3 There is “h” and _ u in the wor
3、d “hour”.4 Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m” here5 Mr. Smith is_ engineer不定冠词用法二、不定冠词的类别用法 即指明某一类别的人或事物,并将其与其他类的人或事物区别开来。1. 泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个:I want to buy a dictionary. 我想买一本词典。2. 笼统指某类中的某一个,但又不具体说明是哪一个:I met a young woman at the gate. 我在门口见到一个年轻的女子。三、不定冠词的数量用法即表示“一”的意思,含有数
4、量意味。1. 表示类似数词 one 的含义,但语气比 one 要弱:He asked me for a day off. 他向我请了一天假。He spent an hour reading the letter. 他花了一小时来读这封信。2. 不定冠词与数词one都可表示“一”的意思,前者可视为后者的弱式:I have a one brother and two sisters. 我有一个兄弟和两个姐妹。【注】a / an与one的区别: 不定冠词侧重指“类别”概念,而数词one侧重指数量概念。有时尽管两者都可用,但含义有差别:I bought a pen. 我买了支钢笔。(意指买的是钢笔,不
5、是铅笔或圆珠笔等)I bought one pen. 我买了一支钢笔。 (意指买的是一支钢笔,不是两支或三支钢笔) 当要强调数量概念或进行数量对比时,只能用数词 one:I want one egg, not two eggs. 我要一个鸡蛋,不是两个鸡蛋。四、不定冠词的其他用法1. 用于序数词之前,表示数量或序数的增加:Shall I ask her a third time? 我还要问她一次吗? (问第三次)2. 用于表示“非常”、“很”等意义的 most 前:This is a most interesting film. 这是一部非常有趣的电影。3. 用于物质名词前,使之转化为具体名词
6、,表示“一种”、“一杯之量”等:Id like a tea and two coffees. 请给我一杯茶和两杯咖啡。4. 用于抽象名词前,使之具体化,表示与之相关的具体的人或事:The party was a great success. 晚会开得很成功。五、用错不定冠词的几种情形1. 单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要按汉语习惯漏掉此不定冠词:正:He is a very good teacher. 他是位很好的老师。误:He is very good teacher.2. 不定冠词不能与指示代词、物主代词、所有格等连用:正:He is a good friend of mi
7、ne. 他是我的一位好朋友。误:He is my a good friend. 小小练习1Does Jim have _ ruler? Yes,he has _ Aan;some Ba;one Ca; Dany;one2 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 3 One afternoon he found_ handbagThere was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag Aa;an;the Ba;a;the Can;an;an Dthe;a;a 4He used to be _ tea
8、cher but later he turned _ writer Aa;a Ba;the C;a Da; 5 They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 6 His father is _ English teacherHe works in our schoolAa Ban Cthe D 7 Australia is _ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 8 This is _ appleIts _ big apple Aan;a Ba;the Ca;an Dan;the 9 Please pay attention t
9、o your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m” here. A. an B. the C. / D. a10 He gave my sister useful book yesterday.A. an B. a C. / D the11 My brother is honest boy, so he has many friends.A. a B. an C. the D /12 There is _ apple on the desk.A. a B .the C. an D./定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但
10、较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。Please hand me _ key on the desk. 请把桌上的钥匙递给我。_ girl in red is his sister. 穿红色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。_ building over there is the tallest in the town. 那边那幢大楼是这个城里最高的。I like _ music of the film. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐。1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take _medicine.把药吃了。Shut _ door, please. 请关门。Has he returned _ boo
11、k? 那本书他还了吗?Take _ blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那个蓝的,它便宜些。2)上文提到过的人或事:He saw a house in the distance. Jims parents lived in _house. 他看见远处有一所房子,吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。There was once an old fisherman. _ old fisherman had a cat. _ cat was white. 从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun,the sky,the moon,the
12、earth_moon goes round _ earth. 月亮绕着地球转。There is not any cloud in _sky. 天空中没有一丝云彩。It was a fine day in spring. _ sun shone brightly. 这是一个晴朗的春日,阳光灿烂。He is the richest man in _ world. 他是世界上最富的人。4)单数名词连用表示一类事物:如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。the old 老年人the happy 幸福的
13、人the poor 穷人the aged 老人the sick 病人the impossible 不可能的事the young 年轻人the rich 富人the blind 盲人the wounded 伤员the smooth 顺事the beautiful 美,美的东西_ rich should help _ poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。_ good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。_ wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same
14、等前面:Where do you live?I live on _ second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。Thats _ very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。Summer is _ hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。She is _ best person for the job. 她是最适合这个工作的人。Hangzhou is one of _ most beautiful cities in the world. 杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。The car is _ most ex
15、pensive of the four. 这部车是四部车中最贵的。He is _ only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人This is _ very book I want. 这正是我要的书。(用very表示强调)6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are _ teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某
16、些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国9)用在表示乐器的名词之前, She plays _ piano.她会弹钢琴。She can play _ piano. 她会弹钢琴。He plays_ violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。He played _ guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11) 用在表示方向、方位的名词前这类词
17、有: the east东方,the west西方,the south南方,the north北方,the right右边,the left左边例:The birds are flying to _ north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。The moon rises in _ east and sets in _ west. 月亮从东方升起,在西方落下。The wind was blowing from _ south. 风从南方吹来。She lived to _ west of the Summer Palace. 她住在颐和园的西边。Walk along the road and take the
18、 first turning on _ right. 沿着这条路往前走,在第一个路口往右拐。He stood at _ back of the door. 他站在门背后。12)用在惯用语中:in the morning 在上午in the evening 在晚上in the field 在田野里in the country 在乡间in the sun 在阳光下in the distance 在远处on the right 在右边by the way 顺便说一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime 白天go to the concert 去听音乐会at the be
19、ginning 开始at the moment 当时,此刻all the year round 一年到头go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏at the weekend 周末in the afternoon 在下午in the night 在夜里in the sky 在空中in the dark 在暗处in the rain 在雨中in the shade 在阴凉处on the left 在左边all the time 始终in the middle of 在中间on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然on the
20、whole 总之at the same time 同时on the plane 在飞机上in the year 2008 在2008年the other day 前几天at the bottom of 在底部in the end 终于on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面,另一方面零冠词的用法1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词 China 中国 Europe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚2. 月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Th
21、anksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较: .on a Sunday morning. 注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival 春节3. .四季前一般不加冠词spring春 ,summer夏 , autumn秋 , winter 冬 Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。 比较: I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 (表示特指) 4. 进行
22、球类运动 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 5. 没有特指的物质名词 This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。 比较: The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。(表示特指) 6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词 Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。 比较: The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。(表示特指)7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like tom
23、atoes. 我喜欢西红柿。8. 山峰 Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰9. 固定词组 go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去 at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院 at school 求学 in school 求学 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里 10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词 A boy came in, book in hand. 一个男孩进来,手上拿着书。 11. 泛指人类 Man is mor
24、tal. 人必有一死。12. 在kind of名词 sort of名词句式中 What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花? I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。 13. 指职位、头衔的词,如king,captain,president,chairman 等。 He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。 As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席,我宣布会议开始。14. 冠词和三餐的搭配 三餐名词单独使用时
25、,之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外: We have breakfast at eight 我们8点钟吃早饭。 He gave us a good breakfast 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 I was invited to dinner 他们邀请我吃饭。 I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador 我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。 The Scots have porridge for breakfast 苏格兰人早餐吃粥。 The wedding breakfast was held in
26、 her fathers house 婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。小小练习1Dont play _ basketballhereIts dangerous Aa Ban C Dthe 2Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ football Aa;the Ban;the Ca; Dan; 3Does Tom often play _ football after _ school? A; B;the Cthe; Da; 4We cant see _ sun at_ night Athe;the Bthe; Ca; D; 5.At that ti
27、me Tom was_ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D6 _ tiger is _ China AThe;a BA;the CThe;from DThe;the 7We cant see _ sun at_ night Athe;the Bthe; Ca; D; 8 _ useful book it is! AWhat an BHow a CWhata DWhat 9One afternoon he found_ handbagThere was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag Aa;an;the Ba;a;the Can;an
28、;an Dthe;a;a 10 _ old lady with whitehair spoke _ English well at _ meeting AAn;an;a BThe;an CThe;a DThe;the 冠词综合一、 用适当的冠词填空,不填划“/”_ useful book_ old man_ day after tomorrow_ university_ English song_ hour and _ halfat _ moment_ 8-year-old girlin _ afternoonall over _ world_ American friendin _ middle of play _ guitar_ earth_ moonin _ south in _ northplay _ basketballplay _ gamesplay _ violinplay _ piano_ poor_ old_ beautiful_ young
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