新概念英语第二册4960笔记.docx

1、新概念英语第二册4960笔记Lesson 49 The end of a dream【New words and expressions】生词和短语（13）tired adj. 厌烦的 real adj. 真正的owner n. 主人 spring n. 弹簧mattress n. 床垫 gust n. 一阵风sweep v. 扫，刮courtyard n. 院子smash v. 碰碎，摔碎miraculously adv. 奇迹般地unhurt adj. 没有受伤的glance v. 扫视promptly adv. 迅速地tired adj. 厌烦的be/get tired of sth./

2、doing sth. 讨厌做某事real adj. 真正的 (强调东西不是假的)true adj. 真挚, 真诚, 符合标准 (强调符合某个标准)real man 真人；true man 男子汉，好汉spring n. 弹簧spring n. 春天；泉水fountain n. 人工喷泉mattress n. 床垫mat n. 垫子 (如杯垫) cushion n. 座垫gust n. 一阵（阵）风a gust of anger (一阵)无名火breeze n. 微风gale n. 大风，（突发的）一阵风（风力比gust 强）wind n. 风的总称sweep (sweptswept,swept

3、) n. 扫刮 vt. 扫，打扫She sweeps the floor/the room every morning. vt. （风）吹；刮A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.sweep sth. away 把刮走The newspaper has been swept away by the wind.blow v. 刮smash v. 碰碎, 摔碎 vt.&vi. 打碎，摔碎，（使）碎裂The cup smashed on the floor.smash sth. into pieces 把摔成碎片The bed was smashed t

4、o piece.crash v. 受挤压而变碎The egg is easy to crash.cut sth. into pieces 切碎, 剪碎tear sth. into pieces 撕碎break v. 打碎crack v. 裂开不碎 vt.&vi. 重击，殴打，猛砸/撞Why didnt you smash the man with your fist?A car smashed into the wall.courtyard n. 院子court n. 院子，庭院；法庭yard n. 院子 backyard n. 后院glance v. 扫视glance at 扫了一眼（有意识

5、地看）glare at 瞪着(生气的) stare at 盯着gaze at 盯着(无限神往, 羡慕地看)promptly adv. 迅速地promptlyat once, immediately【Text】Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first timein his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Bec

6、ause the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night,a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had

7、 struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor

8、, he promptly went to sleep again.参考译文德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦, 于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床. 他平生第一次自豪地拥有了一张既有弹簧又带床垫的床. 由于天气很热, 他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上. 头两天晚上, 他睡得非常好. 但第三天晚上起了风暴. 一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来, 把它摔碎在下面的院子里. 那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒了过来. 尽管床摔成了碎片, 但年轻人却奇迹般地没有受伤. 他醒来时, 仍然躺在床垫上. 年轻人看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片, 伤心地捡起了床垫, 把它拿进了屋. 他把床垫往地板上一放, 很快又睡着了.【课文讲解】

9、1、Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.be tired of 对感到厌倦，在这句话里省略了现在分词being，用形容词短语直接做原因状语，其作用相当于原因状语从句as he was tired of。I always go to bed hungry. （用形容词直接做状语）Worried about my daughter, Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy.I went home. I am tir

10、ed. = I went home tiredI went home excited.save up 攒钱，储蓄I want to get married in one or two years, so Im trying to save (some money) up.2、For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.for the first time in ones life 平生第一次He became the proud fathe

11、r of a baby. 我自豪的成为一个孩子的父亲了.3、Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.on to（onto） 类似与in to（into），用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置，不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“on”（上面）的概念。onto/on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：Lift sth. on to the cart.I put the pen onto/on the table.The pen is on the tab

12、le. （不能用onto/on to）Mr. Thompson is jumped onto the stage. 汤普森先生跳上了台上。Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage. 汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。4、He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.for the first two nights 头两天晚上I study hard for the first three days.for the last three nights 最后三天

13、晚上blow up 风越刮越大(程度在加深)，（指暴风雨）出现并加剧；刮起speak up 大声点5、A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.gust 表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”，既可单独使用，也可用a gust of wind形式：A gust (of wind) blew my hat off.She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。off = down

14、/away frombelow 直接放在被修饰词之后作定语crashing into the courtyard below 是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash （不及物动词）直接用主动形式，smash（及物动词）可用被动一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用and 或but 连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。6、The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.notuntil 表示“直到才”，until 前面没有not 时，与表示

15、一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或瞬间动词）连用：Ill stay here until Monday. 我要在这儿呆到星期一。I wont leave until Monday. 我要到星期一才离开。7、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.although 尽管；though 虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地The cup was broken to pieces.8、Glancing at the bits of wo

16、od and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress andcarried it into his house.glancing为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句after he glanced at。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。glance v. 看一眼，扫视Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。bits = pieceslie (lay，lain) 不及物动词，后面一定要加

17、“around”，不能说成“lay him”【letter writing】大多数书信都以“dear”开头，后接姓名，“dear”这个词一定要在信纸的左手边顶格。第二行如要退格是退5 个字符, 现在西方都是顶格写。【Key structures】复合句的语序复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。1、用连词连接的复合句 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that 引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）I know (that) the meeting will be put of

18、f. 从句可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。 从句可以是状语（或副词）从句，时间状语连词有when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；方式状语从句连词有as或短语in theway (that)等，方式状语从句在动词be，feel，seem，appear 等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导；原因状语从句由because，as 等引导；条件状语从句可由if 及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句

19、子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even though，even if等引导；目的状语从句可由so that，in order that 等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that 引导，也可由such (a) +（形容词） +名词+ that 来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词+ as，not so/as as，形容词/副词的比较级+than，morethan，lessthan等He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.With a special train ti

20、cket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100.Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now.As you cant go yourself, youll have to ask Susan go for you.既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。2、分词结构的复合句 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的

21、动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。I got very angry speaking to them.Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.Following his mom, he went there.(主动概念, 跟着他母亲去了那儿) 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.Followed by h

22、is mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿)3、不定式结构的复合句这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.【Multiple choice questions】3、_b_ the hot weather, he couldnt sleep indoors.a. Because b. Because of c. As d. Forbecause，as，for+句子，不能加词组；because of +名词因为5、Ho

23、w _b_ did he sleep?a. good b. well c. good d. nicehow 对形容词或者副词提问He slept well. （how对程度副词提问）The tree is tall. How tall is the tree?He sang songs beautifully. How beautifully did he sing?6、Where was the courtyard? Ca. Down. b. Under. c. Below. d. Bottom.down adv. 在下(向下)go down, sit downunder 介词必须加宾语be

24、low adv. 下面, 表示一种状态bottom n. 下面7、He looked at the bits of wood and metal _c_ around him.a. laying b. laid c. lying d. liedlaying(lay) vt. 放（lay the egg(下蛋)）lying(lie vi. 躺lie in bed)lie（lied，lied） 撒谎过去分词属于非谓语动词, 做定语时与被修饰词形成被动关系8 A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blew very _a_.a. ha

25、rd b. fast c. quickly d. soona gust of wind 一阵风hard 修饰动词, 表示程度大study hard 努力学习9 The bed crashed into the courtyard. It _c_ the courtyard.a. smashed b. knocked c. struck d.explodedcrash vi.从上往下掉, 摔碎；smash vt. 摔碎；knock v. 敲击；explode v. 爆炸；struck v. 撞击11 He glanced at the bits of wood and metal. He _a_

26、 the bits of wood and metal.a. looked quickly at b. had a glimpse of c. stared at d.watchedglance at （漫不经心的）扫视,(主动的看)look quickly at 快速地看had a glimpse of （无意识的）看stare at 盯着看watch 注视, 密切关注Lesson 50 Taken for a ride【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）ride n. 旅行 excursion n. 远足conductor n. 售票员 view n. 景

27、色ride n. 旅行（不走路的）；v. 骑(车, 马)trip n.（出差性的）旅行（旅行地方不远或呆的时间不长）travel n.（周游世界性的）旅行journey n.（陆地上的）旅行flight n.（空中）旅行voyage n.（海上）旅行tour n. 游玩sightseeing n. 观光游excursion n. 远足，游玩, 郊游(距离不会很远)weekends excursion 周末游a days excursion 一日游Tomorrow we will have a days excursion.view n. 景色(主观性较强)in ones viewin ones

28、 opinion 就某人看来sight n. 景色, 视线, 视野(强调客观)Can I have a room with a good view?【Text】I love travelling in the country, but I dont like losing my way.I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.Im going to Woodford Green, I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, but I d

29、ont know where it is.Ill tell you where to get off. answered the conductor.I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. After some time, the bus stopped. Lookinground, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.Youll have to get off here, the conduc

30、tor said. This is as far as we go.Is this Woodford Green? I asked.Oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. I forgot to put you off.It doesnt matter, I said. Ill get off here.Were going back now, said the conductor.Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus, I answered.参考译文我喜欢在乡间旅行, 但却不愿意迷路. 最近我作了一

31、次短途旅行, 但这次旅行所花费的时间比我预计的要长.“我要去伍德福德草地, “我一上车就对售票员说, “但我不知道它在哪儿. “我来告诉您在哪儿下车, “售票员回答说.我坐在汽车的前部, 以便饱览农村风光. 过了一些时候, 车停了. 我环视了一下身旁, 惊奇地发现车里就只剩我一个乘客了.“您得在这里下车, “售票员说, “我们的车就到此为止了. “这里是伍德福德草地吗？” 我问道.“哎呀, “售票员突然说, “我忘了让您下车了. “没关系, “我说, “我就在这儿下吧. “我们现在要返回去, “售票员说.“好吧, 既然如此, 我还是留在车上吧. “我回答说.【课文讲解】1、Taken for a ridetakefor 把当作taken for a ride 就当作是一次兜风take sb. for a ride 欺骗taken for