专题二十 代词.docx

1、专题二十 代词精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义年 级： 辅导科目：英语 课时数：1课 题高考英语专题复习专题 二十一 代词教学目的掌握八大代词种类中各代词的准确含义及在语境中的正确运用 高考英语代词考点一 知识点清单 英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。附表： 代词类别 例词 例句 人称代词 主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they She teaches us English. 宾格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them Who is it? Its me

2、. 物 主 代 词 形容 词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their This is our classroom.His father is an engineer. 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs. This is her coat. Mine is over there.Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours?This book isnt mine; its Toms.Some friends of mine wi

3、ll attend my birthday party. 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves Tom taught himself Chinese.She loves me for myself, not for my money.She is not quite herself today.I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs. 指示代词 this, that, the

4、se, those There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown.TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.Hello, this is Jack. Who is that speaking? 相互代词 each other, one an

5、other We began to know each other gradually. 疑问代词 who, whom, what, which, whose To whom did you speak on the campus?Which city do you like, Beijing or Shanghai? 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as This is the pencil whose point is broken.Ive never seen such a book as you spoke of. 不定代词 some, any,

6、 one, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, nothing, something, anything, everything, everybody I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything.Alan sold most of his belongings. He has hardly anything left in the house.1. (2010上海)If our parents do everything for us

7、 children, we wont learn to depend on_ .A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves解析选D。考查反身代词的用法。depend on oneself意为“自力更生”。主语为we，因此应为ourselves。2.(2010四川)On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine解析选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：我桌上有一张我父亲在我小时给我拍的照片。take a photo of sb.

8、意为“给某人照相”，此处应用人称代词的宾格。3. (2010安徽合肥质检)The old man was the only person that died in the car crash. _ else was rescued.A. Everyone B. Anyone C. Someone D. None解析选A。考查代词的辨析。句意为：只有一位老人死于那次汽车碰撞事故中，其他人都被救了。everyone else其他人，其他所有的人；everyone每个人，人人；anyone任何人；someone有人，某人；none一个也没有。二 常考点聚焦 【考点一】考查another, other

9、, others, the other与the others的辨析another, other, others, the other与the others用法如下表： 不定代词 用法说明 用法举例 another another常用来指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。 后面可直接跟数词。I dont like this coat. Show me another, please. other 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one及my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。

10、 There are other ways to do this exercise.Do you have any other question(s)? others 是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语 。Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. the other 常与one连用，构成：one.the other.。表示“全部其余的一个或几个”。 He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. the oth

11、ers 特指其余的人或物。 Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 及时练: （2011陕西卷,16）Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? one? A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More 【解析】选C。考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？还要吃一块？”another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; ot

12、her和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选C。（10全国）Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 解析选B。考查不定代词。Neither含有 “两者都不”之意, 一方对应另一方, 故用the other指 “两者中的另一个”。（09山东）I felt so ba

13、d all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 解析选B。本题考查与other 相关的单词的区别,由题意知：我昨天一整天感到很糟糕, 以至于我今天早晨决定我不会面对那样的一天。是指在未来的日子中的一天, 故用another.（08四川）The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. A. any other

14、 B. the other C. another D. other解析选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：经理认为价格不会按高于另外4%的比例上涨。any other表示 “中任何其他的”, 在同范围中比较, 如：China is larger than any other country in Asia.（中国比亚洲的其他任何国家都大。）the other表示 “两者中的另一个”, 如：I have two dogs.One is white and the other is black.（我有两条狗。一条是白的, 另一条是黑的。）another表示 “三者以上的另外, 又一个”, 后接数词, 如

15、：another week(另一周, 再一周), another two weeks(另外两周)。other表示 “另外的, 其他的”, 表泛指。（08重庆）Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon? -Sorry, lets make it _ time. A. others B. the other C. another D. other解析选C。考查代词的用法。another day 改天；another time 改个时间。（6）(2010安徽)You are a team star! Working with _ is re

16、ally your cup of tea.A. both B. either C. others D. the other解析选C。考查代词的用法。句意为：你是一个有团队精神的人！与别人合作对你来说太容易了。others其他人；the other两个中的另一个；both两个都；either（两者之中）任一的。A、B、D三项均不符合句意。(7) (2010潍坊市3月高考模拟考试)This young man is very clever; he may be _ Edison. A. the one B. the other C. another D. one解析选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为

17、：这年轻人非常聪明；他可能成为又一个爱迪生。another表示“又一，再一”。the one这个，表特指；the other表示“(两者中)另外一个”；one一个，表泛指。【考点二】考查some， any， (a) little， (a) few的用法（1）some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句。注意下列特殊情况：some后接单数可数名词，意为“某一”时，相当于“a certain+单数可数名词”。在表示请求或邀请的句子中，当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时，通常用some,不用any。在肯定句中表示“任何，无论哪一个”，后接可数名词单数形式时，通常用any，不用some。Any boo

18、k will do-I just want something to read on the train.用于肯定的条件句中，意为“什么，一个(些)”。He asked me if I had any books in my desk. if any是固定词组，意为“若有的话”。（2）few和little可用作代词和形容词。few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。few有否定含义, a few有肯定含义, little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义, a little含肯定含义。Can we do our work better with less m

19、oney and few people?及时练: （08浙江）Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. few解析选B。考查代词的用法。根据答语 “Sorry”可知cheese没有或者很少了。a little表肯定, 意为 “有一点”；few表否定, 但用来修饰可数名词。此处cheese为不可数名词，所以D不对。（07北京）He has made a lot of films, but _ good ones. A.any B. some C. few D. many解析选C。考

20、查代词的用法。由于句中用了转折连词but, 所以要填few与前面的many相对比。【考点三】考查复合不定代词some, any, every, no常与one, body, thing构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有：something(某事，重要的人或事物) anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物) nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事) everything(一切事，最重要的事) someone=somebody(某/有人，重要的人) everyone=everybody (每个人，所有人) anyone=anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人)等someth

21、ing, anything, nothing和everything指物，它们在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。somebody, anybody, nobody和everybody用以指人。它们还与别的词构成很多习语，如：for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，anything but(根本不，一点也不，绝非)，all but(几乎，差不多)，everything but(除了之外所有的)。nothing和nobody/ no one表示全部否定。不定代词后跟else时，表示“另外的，其他的”；形容词修饰something/anything/nothin

22、g时，应置于不定代词之后。及时练: （2011全国卷II,11）I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 【解析】考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为“我没花钱就得了这辆自行车；我的朋友买了一辆新车，就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave it to me”可判断没花钱，nothing表否定，for表示交换。因此选D。（2011浙江卷,7）Since people are fond of hum

23、or, it is as welcome in conversation as _ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere 【解析】考察不定代词的用法。句意为“人们喜爱幽默，所以，在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用，表示（除了in conversation的）其他任何地方，表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。因此选C。（2011四川卷,3）There is in his words. We should have a try. A. som

24、ething B. anything C.nothing D.everything 【解析】选A。考查不定代词的用法。句意为“他的话有些道理，我们应该试一试。”something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。（2011湖南卷,24）I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing【解析】选D。考查不定代词的用法。句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他；他

25、决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。因此选D。（10福建）When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me? A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 解析选C。句子的意思是当你向Mr. John介绍我的时候, 你可以为我说一些好话吗? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也没有 C. something表示一些, 某

26、些(6)（天津) in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something解析B.nothing用于句中表示否定意义, 而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。句意：我一生中什么都没有我第一次参观故宫给我的印象更深刻。(7)(2010天津)_ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B.

27、Nothing C. Everything D. Something解析选B。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为：没有什么能像第一次参观故宫博物院一样给我留下如此深刻的印象。从题中so.as.搭配来看，空白处需要否定词，而A、C、D三项均表示肯定意义。(8)(2010江西)Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything解析选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保

28、持健康的一种方式，没有什么比游泳更好的了。“there is nothing like.”意思是“没有比更好的”。【考点四】考查both， either， neither， all， any， none的辨析both, either, neither, all, any, none用法见下表： 代词 意义 用法说明 用法举例 both 两者 都 表示肯定含义，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 Both of us are fond of music. Ill take both of the books with me. Juan and Adams both agreed to coopera

29、te . either 两者中 的任何 一个 表示肯定意义，强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语。 If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat. neither 两者 都不 表示两者否定，可作主语、宾语和定语。 Neither of these words is correct. all 全部(三者或三者以上) 表示全部肯定，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。 We are all here.We all go to bed at 10 oclock.All (the) girls are out. any三者或三者以上的任何一

30、个 用法见【考点二】 When shall we meet again? Any time you like. none 三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定 表示全部否定，在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none。 None of these three words are (is) correct.How many sheep did you see on the hill? None. 及时练: （2011上海春招,26）They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions. A. either B. all C. none D. neither【解析】句意为“他们提供了两份报告，没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议。”neither两个都不；either两者之一，但后半句里的“any useful suggestions”与否定连用；all与none指三个或三个以上，与前面的“two reports”不相一致。因此选D。（2011辽宁卷,27）Would you like tea o