八大时态.docx

1、八大时态这是八大时态 还有八种哦 未完待续 一详表1 一般现在时 一般现在时的形式 是以动词的原形表示的，当主语为第三人称单数时，做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其构成方式列表如下： A.一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes 以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I，再加-es Tries, carries 一般现在时的功用 1. 表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作： Nurses look after patients in hospitals. E

2、xcuse me, do you speak English? I get up at 8 oclock every morning. It often rains in summer in Beijing. 2. 表示客观事实或者真理： Birds fly. The earth goes around the sun. 3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等，如： What time does the film begin? The football match starts at 8 oclock. Tomorrow is Thursday. 4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等，如： Where do you c

3、ome from? I come from China. 你是哪国人？我是中国人。 Where do you come from? I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是广州人。 5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容，如： What does that notice say? What does Ann say in her letter? She says shes coming to Beijing next week. Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.” 莎士比亚说：“既不要向人

4、借钱，也不要借钱给别人。” 2一般过去时 一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。 1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式： A.规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: work-worked 以字母e结尾的规则动词，只加-d: love-loved 对所有人称均无词形变化。 否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成 I / you / he / she / they / we did not work. 疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成 B.动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加-ed Stop-sto

5、pped admit-admitted 特例：以y结尾的动词，在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 - ed Carry carried Hurry -hurried 以y 结尾的动词，在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Enjoy-enjoyed 一般过去时的作用 1） 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动，如： He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间，但是现在不在那里工作了)。 They once saw Deng Xiaopin. Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing? 2) 表示在过去特定的时间

6、结束的行动，如： When did you meet him? I met him yesterday. When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University. Where have you been? Ive been to the opera. Did you enjoy it? 3) 表示过去的习惯 He always carried an umbrella. They never drank wine. 3现在完成时的形式 现在完成时由have 的现在时+过去分词构成： 主语+have/has+done肯定式

7、否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked? You have worked .You have not worked .Have you worked? Have you not worked? He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked? We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not work

8、ed. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked? 现在完成时的作用 1) 表示延续到现在的动作 （有时是总计做了多少次等）。 How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times. Tom has lived in Now York all his life. 2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如： I havent seen you for a

9、ges. 我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了） This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了) 3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，如： The window has broken. 4) 和最高级连用，表示到现在为止是最的 What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive ever seen. Is it a thick book?-Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read. 5) 和句型 This is the first

10、time, Its the first time 连用，如： This is the first time he has driven a car. (相当于 he has never driven a car before.) Is this the first time youve been in hospital? Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. Its the second time he has lost it. 6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如： Have you e

11、ver eaten French cheese? We have never had a private car. Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止) Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch. Dont forget to mail the letter, will you? Ive already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快) 7）与since 连用，since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用，表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”，它总是与完

12、成时连用，如： She has been here since 6 oclock. He hasnt been himself since the accident. （那次事故后，他从未完全康复） Since I was a child I have lived in England. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 1） 过去时仅仅表示过去，现在完成时还表示与现在的关系，如： He has lost his key. He lost his key . 2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时 The Chinese invented printing. Shakespear

13、 wrote Hamlet. 3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间，就不能用现在完成时，如： Did you see the film on television last night? Tom lost his key yesterday. 询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时，如： What time did they arrive? When and where were you born? 比较： Have you see Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午)

14、 Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午) Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住 Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了 I have never played golf in my life. I didnt play golf when I was on holiday last summer. 在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类： 1 第一类不规则动词的三种

15、形式同形，如： ( AAA)cost cost costcut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两种形式，如： Learn-learned/learnt- learned/learnt 2 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如： (ABB)bend bent bent bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gottenlead led led 3 第三类不规则动词的原形、过

16、去式和过去分词都不相同，如： 原形 过去式 过去分词 (ABC)begin began begun break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung wake woke / waked woken / waked 此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如： come came come become became become run ran run4. 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。过去完成时由“

17、助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for 或since构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she w

18、as a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)5.一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow，this (afternoon), next (y

19、ear), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情。Its going to rai

20、n soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open

21、the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)6. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(

22、他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她

23、打算带她的宠物狗去散步)过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)7.现在进行时 现在进行时是由助动词be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成： 主语+am/is/are+doing肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I am working. You are working. He (she) is working. We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working. He

24、(she) is not working. We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working? Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working? 现在分词的构成，是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意： a.动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing b.动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing c.动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing

25、 Hit _ hitting Run _running Stop _ stopping d.动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Begin beginningAdmit admitting e.以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying 现在进行时的作用 1） 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作 Please dont make so much noise, Im studying. Lets get out. It isnt raining any more. 2)

26、表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作，但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作 Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动作，在说话时并不一定在发生或进行，而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。 3）表示最近的确定的安排 Ann is coming tomorrow. Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? At 10:15. Are you meeting

27、 her at the station? I cant. Im working tomorrow morning. 以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候，用现在进行时态显得更加自然，除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如： Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married. 4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪，可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬，如： Tom is always going away for weekends. My husband is always d

28、oing homework. 有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作，一般不用于进行时。例如，我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有： want like hate know see hear believe understand seem think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （拥有）belong To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受 Do you like Beijing? Do you see the rainbow? I

29、 remember him very well. I think I understand what he wants. 一般现在时和现在进行时的比较 1）一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情 现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情，如： Tom plays tennis every Sunday. Wheres Tom? -He is playing tennis. What do you do? 你是干什么工作的？ What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么？ 2）一般现在时是表示经久的情况，而现在进行时表示的是暂时的，如： My parents l

30、ive in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years. Shes living with some friends until she can find an apartment. 8.过去进行时 过去进行时的构成形式为： I / he /she was We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词 过去进行时的作用 1） 表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作，如： When I rang him up, he was having dinner. This time last year I was living in Shanghai. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night? 2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用，表示在一个动作发生的过程中，发生了另一个动作，如： It was raining when I got up. I fell asleep when I was watching television. 3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的，而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成，如： Tom was cooking the dinner.