初中英语介词用法总结.docx

1、初中英语介词用法总结初中英语介词用法总结介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。介词的种类：（1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, amo

2、ng, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。（2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within（3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of,

3、 owing to, up to, with reguard to（4）分词介词：considering, reguarding, including, concerning介词短语：构成介词+名词 We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词 Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词 He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词 I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句 He gives us some a

4、dvice on how to finish it.介词的用法：一、介词to的常见用法1.动词+toa)动词+ toadjust to适应,attend to处理；照料,agree to赞同,amount to加起来达，belong to属于,come to达到,drink to为干杯，get to到达,happen to发生在某人身上,hold to紧握,lead to通向,listen to听,occur to想起,object to反对,point to指向,respond to回答,refer to参考；指的是；涉及,reply to回答,see to负责,stick to坚持,tur

5、n to求助,write to给某人写信。b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至,

6、 devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。2. be +形容词/过去分词+ tobe alive to觉察；晓得,be attentive to注意；留心,be awake to知晓,be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to紧挨着,be common to对某人来说很普通,be contrary to违反；反对,be devoted to致力,be deaf to不愿意听,be equal to有的力量,b

7、e exposed to暴露；遭受,be fair to对公平,be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激,be good to对有好处,be harmful to对有危害,be important to对重要,be kind to友好对待,be known to周知于,be married to嫁给,be moved to转移到,be near to靠近,be necessary to对有必要,be opposite to在对面,be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意,be proper to专属,be polite

8、 to礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待,be relative to与有关,be strange to不习惯,be similar to类似,be suitable to适合,be true to忠实,be thankful to感激,be useful to对有用,be used to习惯。3.to+名词构成的词组to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to ones feet跳起来，to ones mind照看来, to ones surprise使吃惊,to ones taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the

9、letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多，要细心区分。1.动词+ atarrive at抵达,call at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对高兴，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble a

10、t颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。2. be +形容词/过去分词+ atbe angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对保持警觉,be astonished at对吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对失望，be good at擅长, be impatient at对不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be

11、surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对非常震惊，be terrified at受到的恐吓,be quick at对很机敏。3.at+名词构成的词组at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at present目前。三、介词on的常见用法on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它

12、的一些常见用法：1.动词+ona)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组act on对有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。b)动词+s

13、b.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)base on以为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。2.be+形容词+on的词组be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对严格。3.on+名词构成的词组on board乘（车,飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, o

14、n fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假四、介词in的常见用法1.动词+ina)动词+ inbelieve in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起；订阅, turn in归还当局。b)动词+sb./time/money+ inhelp sb. in帮助某人做某事, spa

15、re time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。2. be +形容词+ inbe active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be ex

16、pert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在优秀,be interested in对有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。3. in +名词in advance提前,in all总共，in balance总而言之，in bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case万一, in charge主管，in danger有危险, in debt负债, in de

17、spair失望,in force大量地；有效，in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣,in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白

18、白地，in view看得见。五、介词from的常见用法from的用法可不能小瞧，你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。1.动词+froma)动词+ fromcome from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回，rise from自冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place

19、borrow from向借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受之害, receive from收到,remove from移动；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。2. be +形容词+ frombe absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用制成, be tired from因而疲倦。3.f

20、romtofrom bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊家，from head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从日出到日落，from start to finish从头开始，

21、from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。六、介词for的常见用法1.动词+fora）动词+foraccount for解释；说明, answer for对负责,apply for申请；请求,apologize for为而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for报名参加, fight for为而战, hope for希望,inquire for查询；求见, leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望,mistake f

22、or误认为, plan for计划做某事, prepare for为作准备,provide for为提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for竞选, stand for象征,search for搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈述意见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.ask for要求得到,blame for因责备, excuse for宽恕, forgive for谅解, pardon for原谅,pay for花钱买, praise for称赞, punish for对进行惩

23、罚,push for催逼，reward for酬谢, thank for对表示谢意。2. be +形容词+forbe anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以出名,be fit for适合于, be grateful for对心存感激, be impatient for对不耐烦,be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准备,be sorry for为而后悔, be responsibl

24、e for对负责,be suitable for适合于, be unfit for不适合, be useful for对有作用。3.for+名词构成的词组 for all尽管，for a song非常便宜地，for certain确切地，for company陪着，for ever永远，for example例如，for fear以免，for fair肯定地，for free免费，for fun为了好玩，for good永远，for instance比方，for luck祝福，for life终身，for long长久，for nothing白白地，for once有生第一次，for ones

25、elf替自己，for pleasure为了消遣，for reason因为理由，for sale供出售，for shame真不害臊，for short简称，for sport好玩，for sure确切地。4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语 be in for将遇到，make up for弥补，go in for从事，look out for提防，take sth. for granted把当作理所当然,have an ear for音感好,have a gift for有某方面的天赋。一、表示时间的介词（一）表示时间段的介词（1）in , after in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段

26、时间 after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如：Hell come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three oclock)He left on July 2 and returned after three days.（2）in , during表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during The work was done in / during the holidays.表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter（3）in last, for the past + 时间段, du

27、ring表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.（4）for 表示延续一段时间。Ill study in the U.S for two yearsIve waited for Bingo for half an hour.（二）表示某一时间的介词（1）at, onat 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较：in the morningon a w

28、inter / snow / cold / morningat nighton the night of March 7thin the eveningon Friday evening（2）before, bybefore 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如:：You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”. 到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A.（3）after , since after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和

29、一般过去连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用如；My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .解放后我父亲住在上海.Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会（4）fromto, until / till from-to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如： My mother studied in Beijing Univers

30、ity from 1960 to 1964.从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。 My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.我妈妈1960年进入北京大学，一直学习到1964年。（但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night）（三）不用介词表示时间的词或词组含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day a

31、fter tomorrow 等。二、表示事物之间位置的介词（1）at, in当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如：Well meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里*动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等（2）in, to in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如： Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。（3）after, behind，On，Over，Under，Above，Below after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如： He ente