1、定语从句范文定语从句范文定语从句是什么?下面就由给大家介绍介绍吧,希望对大家有 帮助。定语从句基本概念 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后 面。一、定语从句的引导词1、一共有 9 个: who, whom, whose, that, which, when,where, why, as与名词从句相比:定从不能由 what和how引导;which的含义 改变;定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。2、引导词的功能有哪些?(1) 引导定语从句(2) 代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。 (先行词在从句 中不再出现)
2、二、定语从句的关键1 、首先,要能判断出该从句是什么从句:(1)放句首没有用逗号分开的,一般是主语从句,也有可能是状语从句,但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词, 则一定是主语从句。(2)放及物动词后,若及物动词不是被动语态,后面一定是宾 语从句;若该及物动词是被动语态,后面一般是主语从句( It+ is + adj/n./don e+that/whether/whe n )或状语从句。( 3)放 be 动词后,后面一定是表语从句, 但 “ It is/was + 从 句 ( 被强调成分 ) + that ”是强调句(强调句中“非谓语”)。(4)放名词后,一般是定语从句, 但若该名词有“内涵/
3、内容” (fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion) , 则很可能 是同位语从句。(5) 用逗号分开的从句,一般是状语从句或 as/which 引导的 定语从句,也要注意用放在句中用逗号分开的“插入语” (however, for example,believe it or not 等) 。2、其次,判断出是定语从句后可以用“三个优先”法做题:(1)优先选择含whose的选项,能与空格后的名词构成“某人 的某物”搭配,一般就是答案;( 2)优先选择含介词的选项, 然后看该介词与从句中的谓语是 否能构成符合逻辑的搭配;( 3)用逗号分开的定从
4、,优先考虑 as 和 which, 若该空能翻译 为“一件事”而从句意思是通顺的, 则放句首就用 as, 句末用 which( 若 该空能翻译为“如同”“像一样”则应用 as)3、再次 , 做定语从句题可以用“三问法”来检测是否出错:( 1)先行词本身是否为特殊的词?指物的不定代词: anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both,that 等 + that 指人的不定代词或数词: one, those, anyone, two 等 + who 既有人又有物: + that“抽象的地点” condition, situation,case, point +
5、 where“抽象的时间” one s stay/visit + when 在特定语境中可以作“地点 / 位置”理解的词: trousers/ sleeves + where(2)先行词前面有无特殊的词?有不定代词修饰:all/every/little/much+ + that有最高级/序数词修饰:the best/seco nd + that有 just the/ the very/ the only/ the last 等修饰: + that有 who/which 疑问词: + that( 避免重复 )有 the same/ such/ as 修饰:一般 + as(注意:第一个as是否为一
6、个以as结尾的搭配,如regardas;区分suchas (定从)与suchthat “如此以至于”)( 3)先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分?注意:从句中 spend 后的“时间” ,以及 visit 后的“地点” ,不是状语,而是宾语,应该用不定代词4、只能用 that 引导定语从句有哪些情况?先行词前为 all, everything, nothing,something, anything,little, much 等不定代词时;先行词前有: all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few 等不定代词修饰时;先行词被序数词修饰时; 先行词被形容词最
7、高级修饰时; 先行词前 only, just, very, last 有等修饰时;先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时; 主句是以 who, which, 开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时; 在修饰时间、地点等先行词时,只有用 that 代替 when, where 等引导词;【例】 Ill never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?先行词为 reason, way ( 意为“方法” ) 时,常用 that 代替 why,which, in whi
8、ch ,也可省略。引导词在定语从句中作表语时,多用 that 引导。 先行词是主句表语时;【例】 It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.当主语以 there be 开头时; 当先行词是数词时;同一个复合句里有两个定语从句,一个用 which ,另一个通常 用 that 。5、 reason 后面用什么引导? way 后面用什么引导?reason 后面的定语从句用 why 引导。way 后面定语从句用 in which 或 that 引导 that 可以省略。6、 when 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?when 引导的定语从句等于介词
9、+ which 引导的定语从句。7、 where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?where 引导的定语从句等于介词 which 引导的定语从句。 8、 one of 和 the (only) one of 引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么?前者引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数;后者用单数。9、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别? 限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分,缺少后主句意思 不完整。 非限制性定语从句是对主句的进一步说明, 不要从句对主句 意义无多大影响; 非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。 而且非限制性 定语从句中不能用 that 。10、 as 和 which 引
10、导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区 别?as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首, 并常和 know, see,expect等词连用,意为:“正如 ”,而 which不能位于句首。11、as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句?such. as ; the same. as ; so .as.12、the sameas和the samethat引导的定语从句如何区 别?the same as引导的定语从句指的是相同事物,强调同类。the same that引导的定语从句指的是同一物。13、suchas和sucht
11、hat如何区分?such as引导的是定语从句,as必须代替先行词在其引导的 从句中充当成分。such that引导的从句是状语从句,that只是引导从句并不 在其引导的从句中充当成分, 在选择填空首先看从句中是否缺句子成 分,如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句; 如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语 成分。14、 whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点?whose 作定语,后面跟名词。一般有三种表示形式:【例】 This is the dictionary whose cover has e off.= This is the dictionary the cover of which has e off.=
12、 This is the dictionary of which the cover has e off.15、“介词 + 关系词” 开头的定语从句有哪几种情况? 注意:引导定从的介词后不能加 who/that( 1)先行词在从句中做状语,用来替换 when/where/why 的: in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:(2)“ of 所有格”: the+ 名词+ of + which/whom ; of + which/whom + the+ 名词(3)“某个范围中的多少”: some/both/the former + of +which/who
13、m; of + which/whom some (4)偶尔可用“介词+ whose ”和“介词+where”三、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充 当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句 谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1、who指人,在从句中做主语The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2、whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.【注意】关系
14、代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替,可省略。The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3、 which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省Football is a game which is liked by most boys.4 that指人时,相当于who或者whom指物时,相当于which。 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。The number of the people that/who e to visit the city each year rises one million.5、who
15、se通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语He has a friend whose father is a doctor. whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替:The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?(
16、注意: the + 名词 + of which/whom 常考!)四、介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句(重点) 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词 +关系代词 引导:The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous.【注意】1、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如: look for, look after, take care of 等1) This is the watch which/th
17、at I am lookingfor.(T)2) This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)2、若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用 whom不可用 who或者that ;指物时用which,不能用that ;关系代词是所有格时 用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)3、“介词 +关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither,
18、 most,each, few 等代词或者数词, 构成 someof which/whom 等类似结构引导的定语从句。 ( 重点:常考! )(1) He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are verykind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some ofwhich have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, mostof whom are from big cities.在特定语境中,可
19、以用“介词 + whose/where ”引导定语从句The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.五、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语介词同先行词搭配 )when=during/ on/ in/ . which (1) I still remember the day when I first came to theschool.( 2) The time when we got together finally came.2、 where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语where
20、=in/ at/ on/ . which ( 介词同先行词搭配 )( 1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.( 2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3、why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,此时先行词常为reason 。可变为 for which (常考!)why=for which(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 【注意】关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词 +关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.( 3) Great changes have taken place in thecity in which/where I was born.
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