1、高考英语书面表达考情分析与提升高考英语书面表达考情分析与提升考情分析:1)高考书面表达能测试学生综合运用英语的能力,是高考必考内容且有加大测试力度的趋势。研究近年高考分析如下:选材贴近考生实际生活。所写内容皆为学生熟悉内容,让学生有话可说,利于学生表达。文体类型丰富。近年高考主要考查了记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文四种文体。尤其是自分省命题以来打破了应用文一统天下的局面,加重了对议论文和说明文的考查。命题形式多样,但相对稳定。题型主要为提供中文或英文提示的控制性作文如:看图作文,图表作文(表格作文),以及提纲作文,但近三年还出现了以北京卷和上海卷为代表的开放作文。2)高考英语写作题的考查要点:
2、准确运用语法、词汇、拼写、标点使用某些句型、词组,清楚地表达自己的意思。写出易懂的短文。3)写作题的评分原则:从四个角度,按个档次给分,先选定档次,然后再作微调。词数是一个方面,不在这个范围内要扣分。评分时主要从以下几个方面考虑:1.内容要点(content points)2.运用词汇和语法结构的数量看潜能有多大。 of vocabulary and structures4.上下文的连贯性(coherence)。拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时应视其对交际的影响程度来予以考虑。书写较差,以致影响交际时,先降个档次。各档次都有一个给分范围。这样让考生能高则高,好的东西尽量多写,敢写,
3、不象过去那样拿保险分。方法与技巧一写作前:1、看题目,审体裁作文体裁有记叙文、说明文、故事、应用文(如书信、日记、便条、通知)等,仔细阅读题目要求,确定体裁。2、定时态,审人称(1)记叙文、日记 过去时 说明文、信 现在时、过去时、将来时等 通知 将来时(2)有“假如你是”用第一人称,看图作文如果没有“I”,用第三人称。3、审格式 注意日记、信、通知、便条的格式。二、写作中:4、写出关键词或句高考评分分为内容和语言两项,目前基本两项结合。语言分错写、影响表达,有错但不影响意义的表达等几个方面评分,内容漏一点扣一分。所以,写出关键词,就不会漏内容,更不会离题。5、确定句型,扩展句子(1)虽然对初
4、学写作的同学不提倡用结构较复杂的句子进行表达,但我们应该理顺思路:“什么时间、在哪里、谁(与谁)进行什么活动”,而英语顺序刚好相反。(2)恰当正确地运用“单词介词短语”或“单句非谓语结构”来表达多层意思,从而避免相同主语的单句重叠和堆砌,以及选用谓语动词而出现的时态和语态方面的错误,能收到很好的表达效果。(3)写句子时先找出主干,确立框架,补出支干成份。首先,写出句子的主干,在脑海中形成一个基本框架;然后,依据这一框架,补出支干成份。这就好比美术中进行素描一样,首先勾勒,然后细描。举例如下:“他不久就意识到饥饿只是他所访问的非洲国家的问题之一。”先找出主句的主干:他不久就意识到He soon
5、realized that.并确立宾语从句的基本框架:饥饿只是问题之一。Hunger was only one of the problems.然后补出支干成份:He soon realized that hunger was only one of the problems in the African countries which he visited.6、巧用连接词,平滑过渡根据其内在联系或谈论的先后顺序将内容要点进行适当调整,使体裁的格式同题目要求一致。为了使句与句之间过渡自然,适当加一些表示并列、递进、因果、转折等的过渡词。7、灵活处理难句,避难就易碰到难句要学会转弯,用另一种方式
6、,简单明了,正确、宁精勿杂。8、按部就班,全面即可不要“添枝加叶”,不要随意发挥延伸。9、把握字数,书写规范,注意标点符号,不用缩写词(如sth, sb)。三、写作后:10、反复认真检查,修改错误。(1)要紧扣主题,看要点、内容是否遗漏。(2)体裁、格式合要求否。(3)字数。(4)拼写、时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、非谓语动词、冠词。四、建议(1)每个句子之间不要长于两行。用你感到舒适的句子。如果你不知道你用的句子结构是否合适,最好别用,把它变成单句。(2)选用自己比较熟悉的词和句型;用你懂的单词,不要自以为是,似是而非的词不要用。(3)时间安排:审题3分钟;打草稿、修改15分钟;誊写5分钟;检
7、查2分钟。(2)解题注意点无论高考书面表达题属于何种体裁,提供什么样的试题说明,把握如下几个方面,是获得书面表达试题高分的有效措施。1)紧扣主题,慎重发挥高考书面表达试题的评分标准是按照要点给分,按大错的数量来确定档次的。所以在写作时一定要紧扣主题,不要随意地去发挥,不要写与主题无关的句子。只要围绕文章的主题,把要求的所有要点概括到文章中去就行了,这样就可以减少不必要的失分。2)选用常用词汇、短语写作中,有时某个词、某个句型记不起来了、生疏了或是混淆了,这时就要尽量回避,改用自己熟悉的、有把握的词或短语,尤其要选用积极的动词。一般来说,高考书面表达首先要选择乘法、朴素、准确的大众化词语,避免使
8、用冗长、故弄玄虚的词语。因为高考书面表达的首要标准是看文章能否达意,不出错误。同时不要重复使用词汇、句式。3)多用短句,慎用长句高考书面表达只要求写出100字左右的短文,所以在写作时,尽量多用短句来表达,因为长句要求语言技能较高,很容易出现非限定性动词的时态、语态、逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致等错误。既不要选复杂的句子,也不要没把握地使用省略。4)巧用转折词和总括词准确使用承接手段才能使意思顺接流畅,否则就难以构成语篇。有转折词语,能帮助读者理清文章的思路。如看到therefore和so 这样的词语,就知道是因果关系;看到but和 however 这样的词,就知道是转折关系;看到later和th
9、en就知道事情发行珠先后顺序。写作中只有注意巧妙地使用这些转折接连词,才能更有效地承接上下文,才能更有效地保持文章的连贯性。5)要点齐全有些书面表达需写标题,不少考生因审题粗心而漏写。不少应用文需要正确的格式,如通知开头常需交待通知对象;日记开头常需交待时间和天气;信件左上角必须注明写信地地址和写信的时间,下一行要顶格写上称呼,正文结束后,要有结束语,并签名。正文要点要一一落实,不能遗漏。考虑书面表达时应把握不多不少的原则,即不该写的坚决不写。因为言多必失,写出对了不加分,但写错了却要扣分。6)熟练运用书写技巧参加考试的学生一般书写已经定型,临场提高的可能性不大。但临场应注意以下几点:(1)注
10、意字母规格大小一致,不要为了直时间,龙飞凤舞,大小写不分,高低不一;(2)力求做到书写斜率一致;(3)保持左右两端上下行对齐,段落开头缩进明显;遇到写错的词,不必抹擦,只要画两条横线就可以,既不影响老师阅卷,也不影响美观。7)为了在书面表达题材中多得分、少扣分,考生应清楚得分失分的原因:扣分原因写一篇(事先背好的)与之不相关的短文,一分不给。句子构架搭不起来,意思出不来。如:He went family.行文不连贯。如:人称使用前后矛盾,词频度过高,不会用连接词语等。动词谓语缺少。如:He very happy very much.拼写错误,书写潦草到无法看清、看懂。语言不行体:不看对象,不看
11、场景,用语不当。标点混乱,人称代词及时态、语态乱用。内容要点不全,缺项,整体结构不完整。文段多于或少于规定的字数(100左右)。格式不规范,如书信体中漏缺开首词和结尾语等。得分条件行文连贯流畅人称、时间、地点、情节交代有层次。使用连接词恰到好处,如使用了and/or /but/so/not onlybut also/in addition (to)/moreover/however/otherwise/nevertheless/like /similarly/in the same way/unless /in case (of)/so long as /on one hand ,on the
12、 other hand等词或短语。词句简明扼要,无或少词语重复。如:The building is being built.可改写成:The building is under construction.行书整洁,字休规范,会增加良好印象。尽量写出与题目有关的词语,还可得分。高考真题1.全国卷(I)假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求,写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增减细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。June 8Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter askin
13、g about our library. Best wishes, Li Hua书面表达:内容要点:1.图书馆的位置:前有花园,后有教学楼2.内部环境:宽敞、有书架、报刊、书籍等3.图书馆功能:借阅、借阅数量和借期4.开放时间5.合适的结尾June 8Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it an dour classroom bui
14、lding is right behind it. The library is big. When you get inside, you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects. There are also lots of newspapers and magazines. We borrow books and do some reading in the library. According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5 books each ti
15、me and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 . to 7 . from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.We all like our library very much.Best wishes.Li Hua2.全国卷(II)假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求,写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增减细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好。June 8Dear Bob, Thank you for your last
16、 letter asking about our library. Best wishes, Li Hua书面表达:内容要点:1.图书馆的位置:前有花园,后有教学楼2.内部环境:宽敞、有书架、报刊、书籍等3.图书馆功能:借阅、借阅数量和借期4.开放时间5.合适的结尾June 8Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it an dour
17、classroom building is right behind it. The library is big. When you get inside, you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects. There are also lots of newspapers and magazines. We borrow books and do some reading in the library. According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5
18、books each time and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 . to 7 . from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.We all like our library very much.Best wishes.Li Hua3.全国卷(III)书面表达假定你是李华, 亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办, 现在正在招募志愿者, 你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组委会写一封申请信. 内容应包括:1.个人情况:年龄、性别、学历2.个人条件:英语好、爱好体育、善于交往、乐于助人、熟悉本地情
19、况3.承诺:提供最佳服务注意:1词数100左右,开头语已为你写好2可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯3生词:申请apply (v.), application (n.);志愿者volunteerDear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Winter Asian Games. _4.北京卷第一节情景作文(20分)国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平、友谊”夏令营活动,要求报名者提交英文个人简历。假设你是王姗,请根据下列信息写一篇个人简历。注意:1、词数不少于60。 2、可
20、根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。第二节 开放作文(15分)请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数不少于50。You and your Australian friend Jim are visiting a city in China where you see the street sculptures as shown below. You and Jim are discussing what the artist is trying to say. Now you are telling Jim how you understand this piece of art and wha
21、t makes you think so.提示词: 雕塑 sculpture 笔记本电脑 laptop(某城市街头雕塑)写作一.One possible version:Im Wang Shan, a girl of sixteen, presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle. I like music, especially classical music. Im also interested in photography because it allows me to record the beautiful moments in my l
22、ife. Though my hobbies, Ive made many friends. In fact, I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them. Believing we all need help from each other, I appreciate friends” help, and I am wiling to help anyone in need.I love life; I love Mother Nature; and I love peace. I hate any form of violen
23、ce.I would like to join the Peace and Friendship Summer Camp since to would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their cultures.第二节:I think the artist wants to show changes in the city. The man stands for the old generation in China: he is
24、 wearing old-fashioned clothes that date back to the beginning of the twentieth century; he is looking at the laptop in great curiosity, unable to figure out what it is. The girl, on the other hand, is totally different: she has long hair and wears a fashionable short skirt. While the man doesnt kno
25、w anything about the laptop, she plays with it skillfully. The striking differences between the two show rapid changes in peoples life in China.5.福建卷 假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示,用英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括:部分同学的饮食习惯良好的饮食习惯个人看法不吃早餐爱吃零食偏食饮食过量饮食多样化饮食定时定量重要性;有助于身体健康注意:1.发言稿必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥;2.发言稿开头与
26、结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;3.词数:100左右.4.参考词汇:偏食be particular about food 零食 snackDear friends, As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore , its very important for us to form healthy eating habits._ Thats all. Thank you!One Possible VersionDear friends, As we all know, we are what we eat . Therefore, its a ver
27、y important for us to from healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will sure
28、ly do harm to our health.To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. Besides, wed better have meals regularly.In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body.
29、Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.Thats all. Thank you!6.江苏卷据报道,2022年北京奥运会将选拔约十万志愿者为之服务。请你以“Dos and Donts for the 2022 Olympic Volunteers”为题,用英语写一篇短文,讨论志愿者应该做什么,不应该做什么。短文应包括下表中的内容:DosDonts1. 待人礼貌、友好1避免不得体的言行2坚守岗位2不忘履行自己的职责3介绍中国历史和文化3不损害祖国的形象如果你成为志愿者,你还应该做什么,不应该做什么。 (内容由考生自己拟定)注意:1。对所给要点,不要简单翻译,要有适当发挥 2字数120左右。短文中已写好了的部分,不计入词数 3参考词汇:形象 imageDos and Donts for the 2022 Olympic VolunteersIt is reported that about 100,000 people will be chosen as volunteers for the 2022 Olympic Games in Beijing. What should the volunteers do and what should they not do?_
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