英语简单句的五种基本句型.docx

1、英语简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语： 表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和 倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形 容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular. （名词）We often speak Engli

2、sh in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a forei

3、gn language . （ it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1） 简单谓语： We study for the people.2） 复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表语 : 它位于系动词 （ 比如 be）之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nurse .Is it yours ?（代词）The weather has turned cold .

4、 （形容词）The speech is exciting. （分词）Three times seven is twenty one ?（数词）His job is to teach English . （不定式）His hobby （爱好） is playing football . （动名词）The ruler must be in your box. （介词短语）Time is up. The class is over. （副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad . （表语从句）4、宾语 : 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，

5、We like English .How many dictionaries do you have? I have five . （数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）It began to rain . （不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music . （动名词短语）I think （ that ） he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gav

6、e me some ink . 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monito r（ 班长 ）.5、宾补 : 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the streetHis father named him David. （名词）They painted （涂漆） their boat white . （形容词）Let the fresh （新鲜的） air in . （副词）You mustn t force him to lend his money to you.

7、 （不定式短语）We saw her entering the room . （现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order . （介词短语）6、定语 : 在句中修饰 名词或代词 的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词 之后 。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）China is a developing （发展中） country; America i

8、s a developed （发达） country. （分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school. （名词）His progress （进步） in English made us surprised. （代词）Our monitor （班长） is always the first to enter the classroom . （不定式短语）He is reading an article（ 文章 ） about how to learn English . （介词短语）7 、状语 : 修饰动词， 形容词， 副词以及全句的句子成分

9、， 叫做状语。 状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。 副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London .Light travels most quickly . （副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years . （介词短语）He is sorry to trouble（ 麻烦 ） you . （不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane. （分词短语）Once（一旦 0 you begin , you must continue. （状语从句）状语种类如下：How

10、about meeting again at six ?（时间状语）Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain . （原因状语）I shall go there i f it doesn t rain . （条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor . （地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care . （方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand . （伴随状语）

11、In order to catch up with the others , I must work harder. （目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately . （结果状语）She works very hard though she is old . （让步状语）I am taller than he is . （比较状语） 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answe

12、r your question after class.4.His job is to train swimmers.5.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6.His wish is to become a scientist.7.He wants to finish the work in time.8.Tom came to ask me for advice （建议） .9.He found it important to master English.10.Do you have anything else to say?11.

13、Would you please tell me your address?12.He sat there , reading a newspaper.13.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14.He noticed （注意到） a man enter the room.15.The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。 换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V

14、 主谓结构S 十 V 十 P主系表结构 S 十 V 十 O主谓宾结构主语 不及物动词主语 连系动词 表语 主语 及物动词 宾语S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 判断类型和句子成分：She is happyShe bought a book for me.She came She likes English.The teacher asked me to read the passage.rose.一切看来都不同了。 他的脸红了。She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moon T

15、hey talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 Everything looks different.He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face turned red.Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new

16、 dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这 样想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.

17、 他成为了一名著名的医生。苹果派吃起来真是好吃。The apple pie tastes really delicious.基本句型一： S十 V 主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词： appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,如： 学生们学习很努力。 基本句型二 : S十 V十P主系表结构 常见的系动词有： be（是）； get（ 变得）, become（ 成为）, turn（ 变得）,look（ 看起来 ）, feel（ 感到 ）, smell（ 闻起来 ）, taste（ 尝起来 ）, s

18、ound（ 听起来 ）, seem（ 似乎 ）A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有： be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1） We should any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2） 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。 .B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有： become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove, 等等。如：1） Spring comes. It is . 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2） Dont have the food. . 不要吃那种食物，它

19、已经变质了。基本句型三 : S 十 V 十 O主谓宾结构1） 我昨天看了一部电影。 .2） They have of the children 这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四 : S 十V十间接宾语 “人”十直接宾语 “物” 结构 间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等。间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play（ 演奏 ） ， si

20、ng, 等。1） Yesterday her father as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2） The old man _ in the Long March. （ 正在给孩子们讲故事 ）这种句型还可转换为： 动词 直接宾语 for/ to sb.3)Please show me your picture. =Please 请把你的画给我看一下。但是只跟发现）5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。 基本句型五 : S十 V 十 O十 C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词， 一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思， 必须加上一个

21、补充成分来补足宾语。 call （叫） , choose（选） , find make, name（ 命名 ）考点突破训练1.I am sorry to have kept you A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2.I felt somebody me. A touch B touched C to touch D touches3.He taught me speak English. A how should B how C how can I D how to4.I shall make your dream . A coming truly B

22、come true C to come true D comes true5.He told home. A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6.I think a good habit to get up early. A this B it C that D its7.Roses in bloom smell . A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness8.The weather .A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and c

23、old D. were wet and cold11. were all very tired, but none of would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we12.I think necessary (必要的) to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is13.The dog mad (疯的) .C. is being looked D. was lookedA. looks B. is looked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句

24、：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room, isn t there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6

25、.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very i mportant, isn t it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.练习一 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on t

26、he school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9

27、.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please t

28、ell me your address?17.He sat there, reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping

29、my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow whe

30、at. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every e

31、vening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语()、状语()、补语()：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States.