专题 13 复合句2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版.docx

1、专题 13 复合句2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版备战2016中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题13 复合句解读考点复合句的定义由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中包含宾语从句、状语从句或定语从句等。一 简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子，其句式结构主要有五种：主 + 谓。He works in a big c

2、ompany .他在一家大公司工作。主 + 系 + 表。She is a kind girl .她是一个善良的女孩。主 + 谓 + 宾。Ann eats junk food twice a week .安一周吃两次垃圾食品。主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾。He gave me a pen .他给我一支钢笔。主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补。He kept me waiting for two hours .他让我等了两小时。复合句解读二 并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句同等重要，没有从属关系，是并列的关系，之间用并列连词连接。1. 表示顺承的并列连词有and / n

3、ot only but (also)等。 如：She not only gave us a lot of advice, butalso helped us to overcome difficulties .他不仅给了我们很多建议，而且还帮助我们克服困难。2. 表示选择的并列连词有or , either or 等。如：Either you or Maria will have to go .你或玛丽亚得去一趟。3. 表示转折的并列连词有but , yet , however 等。如：It is hot in summer here , but its not cold in winter .

4、这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有so . 如：He works hard , so he is one of the top students in our class .因为他学习努力，所以他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。三 宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词有that(可省略)，if , whether , who , whose , what等。如：He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday .他告诉我这个星期天他要去购物。She asked me if / whether she could jo

5、in us .她问我她是否可以加入我们。Do you know who broke the door .你知道谁弄坏了门吗?2. 宾语从句的语序在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序。如：I want to know when the train left .我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。Could you tell me what your name is ?你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗?3. 宾语从句的时态如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可以根据实际需要用各种时态。如：He tells us that he has been able to look after

6、himself .他告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应该使用对应的过去时态的一种。如：They said that they had already finished the work .他们说他们已经完成了工作。宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、格言等时，用一般现在时。如：Everyone knows there are sixty minutes in an hour .大家都知道1小时有60分钟。4. 否定前移在宾语从句中，当主句的主语为I或we，谓语动词为think , believe , suppose等时，否定应前移。如：I dont think he is r

7、ight . 我认为他不对。We dont suppose he will come .我们猜测他不会来。四 状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。1. 时间状语从句在时间状语从句中，常用的引导词有when / while / before / after / until(till) / as soon as / since / as等。如：She was cooking when someone knocked at the door . 有人敲门时，她正在煮饭。What will you do after you finish your homework ?

8、你做完作业后准备做什么?2. 条件状语从句在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if / unless等。如：If it doesnt rain , I will go fishing .如果不下雨，我将去钓鱼。They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday .如果下星期日不下雨，他们要进行野炊活动。 If 引导的条件状语从句，若主句用一般将来时，则从句应用一般现在时表将来。3. 原因状语从句在原因状语从句中，常用的引导词有because / as / since 等。如：He didnt come because he was ill . 他

9、没有来，因为他生病了。As you are sorry , Ill forgive you . 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。4. 结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由sothat / suchthat引导。so后接形容词或副词;such后接名词。如：Its so hot that we want to go swimming .天太热了，因此我们想去游泳。Thats such an interesting story that everybody likes it .那是一个如此有趣的故事，大家都喜欢它。5. 目的状语从句在目的状语从句中，常用的引导词有so that / in order that等

10、。如：Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it .请大声说，以便大家都能听见。He works harder in order that he can go to a good college .他更加努力地学习，以便能上一所好大学。6. 让步状语从句在让步状语从句中，常用的引导词有though / although / even if / even though等。though或although引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用。如：He often helps others though / although he

11、 is not rich .尽管他并不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed .即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。7. 比较状语从句比较状语从句常由than / asas / not as as等引导。如：He is more outgoing than I(am) .他比我外向。He ran as fast as Mike did .他和迈克跑得一样快。It isnt so / as easy as you thought .这不像你想的那么容易。五定语从句 指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子，在句中修饰名词、代词，常由关系代

12、词which, that, who(m), whose及关系副词when, where, why等引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放先行词后做后置定语 1. 当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that, who, whom引导。当先行词表物时，定语从句用关系词that或which。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。 that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。作宾语可省 which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可省，可以引导非限制性定语从句，有时可与that互换。 who, whom, whose指人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定

13、语 He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy. Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green. 2. 当引导词在句中作状语时不可用that, which, who(m)等关系代词，而应用关系副词。表示时间用when,表示地点用where, 表示原因用why。但这些关系副词可转换为“介词+关系代词”形式。 Beijing is the place where/in which I was b

14、orn. 3. 其他注意事项 表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much none, the one等不定代词时 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等词修饰时（当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who或whom） 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 当先行词同时含有物和人时 主句中已有疑问词who或which时 Which i

15、s the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 表示物时只用which不用that的情况 当关系代词前使用介词时 在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主语隔开，若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中 指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who,不用that 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用who The boy that you met last night is the group

16、leader who studies very hard. 其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before 注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要和先行词一致 one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词 the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词 Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced in Hollywood.

17、Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood 六 主语从句 在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句。主语从句的谓语动词通常用三人称单数。主语从句可直接位于句首。但如主语从句长，可用it充当形式主语代替主语从句，把主语从句后置。记住下列主语从句常用结构： It is said that据说 It is reported that据报道 It is announced that.据宣布 It is (well) known that众所周知 It is believed that人们相信

18、 It is supposed that人们希望 It is hoped that希望 It is suggested that有人建议 It must be remembered that务必记住 注意：有些情况下谓语动词的单复数应和表语保持一致 What we need are doctors and nurses. What we need is time. 七 同位语从句 同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fea

19、r, belief等。同位语从句引导词为that,有时根据需要也可以用when, where等 His opinion that we must take good care of our earth sounds reasonable. They have no idea at all where he has gone. 注意:同位语从句的that在句中不作句子成分，也无词义，但不能省。而定语从句中的that除了引导从句外，还是从句的一个成分，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省。 八 同位语从句 表语从句 在句中作连系动词的表语的从句，位于主句中系动词后 That is why he di

20、dnt come to school yesterday。 He said that he could help me. Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？ that 引导的宾语从句： that 引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词 that 没有实际意义，不在从句中作 任何成分， that 可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。 He said (that) he could come on time.

21、 他说他会准时来的。 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句： 从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从 句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. I dont care whether you like the story or not. 注意：以下情况一般只用 whether 不用 if。 接带 to 的动词不定式。 She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不

22、是去动物园。 与 or not 连用时。 Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。 疑问词引导的宾语从句： 此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由 wh-开头的疑问词 引导。wh-词包括 who, whom, whose, what, which 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等 连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如： Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? He didnt

23、 tell me how long he would stay here. 宾语从句的三个注意事项 1）语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和 动词的变化等。 2）时态：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。 My teacher says he will be back in a week. My teacher says he has seen the movie. 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。 My father said he was watching TV at that time. My father said

24、 the he had already seen the movie. 如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。 Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。 3) 否定转移： 主句的主语如果是第一人称，从句的否定要转移到主句中，其反把这两个简单句合成一个复合句：意疑问句与从句一致。 例如： I dont think theyll wait to the last minute. I dont believe he did this, did he?2年中考2014年题

25、组1.【2014年湖南省长沙市中考】I wont go to tomorrows party_ I am invited. A. if B. unless C. When2. 【2014年辽宁省沈阳市中考】_youuseyourdictionaryoften,yourspellingwillimprove. A.Whether B.If C.Though D.While3【2014年福建省龙岩市中考】 Could you tell me ? Next week.A. when they will come back to schoolB. when will they come back to

26、 schoolC. how they will come back to school4.【2014年福建省龙岩市中考】The two high school students fought bravely against bad persons on the bus in Jiangxiwere highly praised. A. who B. whom C. which5. 【2014年湖南省长沙市中考】Excuse me, could you please tell me _? Sure. Its about ten minutes walk. A. how long it takes

27、 to go to the zoo B. how far it is from here to the zoo C. how far is it from here to the zoo6.【2014年辽宁省沈阳市中考】SichuanfoodishotterthanShanghainesefood.Thats_. A.whatIlikeit B.whatdoIlikeit C.whyIlikeit D.whydoIlikeit2015年题组1. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】 Excuse me, could you tell me ? In five minutes.A. how s

28、oon will the film begin B. how soon the film will beginC. how long the film has been on D. how long has the film been on2【广东省2015年中考英语试题】- Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. - Only when she _ copying this report. A.finishes B.finish C.finished D.will finish 3. 【广东省2015年中考英语试题】-

29、David asked_ in China. - Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. A.why he can greet a lady by kissing her B.Why he could greet a lady by kissing her C.Whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D.Whether he could greet a lady by kissing her 4. 【广东省2015年中考英语试题】 Running m

30、an is a very relaxing TV program_is hot among the young people. A.what B.which C.who D.whom 5. 【广州市2015年初中毕业生学业考试英语】Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A. what were they talking about B. what are they talking about C. what they were talking about D. what they are talking about 6. 【贵州省安顺市2015年中考英语试题】Ex

31、cuse me， can you tell me ? At about 8 oclock.A. what time the plane arrive in Beijing B. what time the plane will arrive BeijingC. what time the plane will reach Beijing D. what time will the plane get to Beijing7. 【2015年襄阳市初中毕业生学业水平考试英语试题】-Can you tell me _? -Sure. He lives on Center Street. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. why he lives