高中英语考点精析精练 说明文完形填空.docx

1、高中英语考点精析精练 说明文完形填空命题点5 说明文本类考题解答锦囊说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明。说明文往往结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难把握的一种文体。要做好高考完形填空中的说明文，最重要还是要抓住作者说明的中心是什么，说明文话题呈现的方式比较单一，往往是开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度加以说明另外因为说明丈针对某一个对象从不同的侧面和角度加以说明，每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面，因此大家应注意概括每一段的中心大意。最后，还要注意文章结尾的段落，因为文章结尾的段落，往往对说明的问题进行总的概括。 高考最新热门题 1(典型例题Adults are

2、 often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can 1 swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after several decades and still 2 a

3、way. A mother who has not 3 the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle, twinkle, little staror recite the story of Cinderella or Snow White. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: 4 we have learned somethmg, additlonal learning increa

4、ses the 5 of time we will remember it. I childhood, we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming,bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and 6 ourselves of poems such as Twinkle,twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We

5、not only learn but 7 . The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) for an examination, 8 it may result in a passing grade,ii not a 9 way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost ever

6、ything he learned. A little overlearning, 10 is usually a good investment toward the future. 1. A. only B. hardly C. still D. even 2. A. move B. drive C. travel D. ride 3. A. thought about B. cared for C. showed up D. brought up 4. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless 5. 3. accuracy B. unit C. limit

7、 D. length 6. A. remind B. inform C. warn D. recall 7. A. recite B. overlearn C. research D. improve 8. A. though B. so C. if D. after 9. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift 10. A. a most B. by the way C. on the other hand D. in the end命题目的与解题技巧：本文是完形填空中的说明题材，考查学生的逻辑能力与对文章的整体把握，此类题材往

8、往是围绕一个问题从不同的侧面加以说明，作者首选列举人们在日常生活中的经验即学会了的东西一般不会忘记，从而引出本文说明的主题“充分学习”，然后再通过日常生活中的现象加以说明，最后强调“充分学习”在人们学习中的作用，比突出学习要好，从而达到了作者说明的“充分学习”lovelearning的作用，做好此类型题的关键是抓住作者要说明的对象，再运用一定的方法进行介绍和说明。 1C 解析：根据第一句的意思，多年不游泳仍然游得很好，选still 2D解析：根据bicycle选ride 3A 解析：从来没有想到过，其他选项都不能和words搭配。 4B解析：overlearn的含义就是一次学会后不断加强记忆，

9、其他不符合题意。 5D解析：时间的长短用thelength。ftime 6A 解析：remlndourselves“提醒自己”；infom通知，warn警告，recall回忆，都不符合题意。 8A 解析：根据前后句的not可知虽然突出学习能通过7B 解析：根据第二段第一句的提示可知选overlearn 考试但是不能学好，选thougll9C 解析：satisfactory令人满意的；convenient方便的；demanding过分要求的；swift迅速的。 10C 解析：前后是说事物两个方面，选。ntheotherhand 2.(典型例题The birthrate in Europe has

10、 been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are .providing great encouragement for parents to create more habies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement,some women just dont want to be 2 holding the haby,Wh

11、at we know is that its good for trhe 3 if men and women share the burden of having children, says Soren Kindlund,family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish,men use a mere 12% of it;60% of fathers do not take even a(n) 5 day off work. Exper

12、ts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers 6 to give young women the permanent jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January, Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave,with a warning:use it or 7 it. Kindlund admits

13、 that men are under 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace. he says. But its good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship. In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders.

14、70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. 1. A. in spite of B. at the cost of C. in addition to D. due to 答案: A 指导：根据前后意思用inspite。2. A. sent B. left C. caught D. seen 答案: B 指导：妇女不愿怀孕离开工作。3. A. birthrate B. income C. h

15、ealth D. spirit 答案: A 指导：根据第一段提示用birthrate4. A. Just as B. Only if C. Even though D. Now that 答案: C 指导：根据第一段提示用birthrate5. A. one B. mere C. only D. single 答案: D 指导：singleday强调连一天都。6. A. willing B. reluctant C. likely D. unable 答案: B 指导：雇主是不愿给用完所有带薪产假的年轻妇女永久的职位，而不是不能或者愿意。7. A. reserve B. misuse C. i

16、gnore D. lose 答案: D 指导：根据use和or的转折关系，选lose8. A. discussion B. attack C. control D. pressure 答案: D 指导：男人是在压力(pressure)下留下工作。9. A. make out B. add up C. build up D. set aside 答案: C 指导：建立关系用build叩arelationship10. A. impersonal B. similarC. severe D. global 答案: B3.(典型例题 The amount of usable water has al

17、ways been of great interest in the world. 1 springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 2 areas like the desert. The control is possible even without possession of large areas of 3 land. In the early days of the American West, sun fights were not 4 for the water resources (资源),

18、and laws had to be 5 to protect the water rights of the 6 and the use of the water resources accordingly. 7 is known to us all, there is not 8 water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes, Deciding on the 9 of water that will he used in any particular period 10 careful planning, so th

19、at people can manage and use water more 11 . Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water 12 the water supply forecast(预报).The 13 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 14 than from the below. Interest is 15 in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods,and to ge

20、twater from the winter snow on mountain 16 . With special equipment,some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be 17 , and with the help of a repeater station,they send the 18 data(数据) to the base station. The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by 19

21、a button. In the near future, the forecast and use of water 20 probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains, not ol water underground. 1. A. Using B. Holding C. Owning D. Finding 答案: C 指导：own拥有。从下文可以看出，由于地球上的水源不充足，凡是有水的地方就意味着需要管理。2. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild 答案: A 指导：根据下

22、文中的thedesert可判断出是干旱地区。3. A. fine B. beautiful C. rich D. farming 答案: C 指导：richland富饶的土地。即使没有大片的富饶的土地也需要管理。4. A. unlawful B. unacceptable C. unpopular D. uncommon 答案: D 指导：uncommon罕有的。这是一个双重否定句，表示在早期美国西部的人们经常为了水源发生枪战。5. A. made B. designed C. read D. written 答案: A指导：make laws制订法律。6. A. winners B. set

23、tlers C. fighters D. supporters 答案: B 指导：settler移民者。制订法律保护移民者用水的权力和按照规定使用水源。7. A. That B. It C. What D. As 答案: D 指导：as引导定语从句，意思是正如”。8. A. plentiful B. enough C. any D. much 答案: B 指导：根据常识可推断出世界上没有足够的水供人们随便使用。9. A. type B. quality amount D. level 答案: C 指导：theamountofwater水的数量。10. A. requests B. requir

24、esC. means D. suggests 答案: B 指导：require需要。决定任何特殊时期使用的用水量需要仔细计划。11. A. effectively B. easilyC. conveniently D. actively 答案: A 指导：e“ectively有效地。以便使人们更加有效地用水。12. A. leading to B. due toC. owing to D. according to 答案: D 指导：according to根据。农民必须根据供水预报改变他们的用水量。13. A. correct B. further C. average D. early 答

25、案: A 指导：thecorrectwatersupplyforecast正确的供水预报。14. A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above 答案: D 指导：根据下文中的dependon the advance knowledge of snow on mountains，not of water underground可确定应选above作为正确答案。the above指山上的积雪；the below指地下水。15. A. raising B. rising C. building D. lasting 答案: B 指导：rise是不及物动词，人们对人工增雨的兴趣不断

26、增加。raise是及物动词，后面要接宾语。16. A. rocks B. tips C. tops D. trees 答案: C 指导：on mountain tops在山顶上。根据常识可知，在冬天，雪会堆积在山顶上。17. A. taken care of B. made use ofC. piled up D. saved up 答案: B 指导:makeuse of使用。科学家正在研究使用山上积雪的方法。18. A. picked B. produced C. used D. gathered 答案: D 指导：the gathered data积累的数据。人们为了利用山上的积雪，需要不

27、断地收集有关数据。19. A. touching B. knocking C. pressing D. turning 答案: C 指导：press a button按键。操作员通过按键的方法获得数据。20. A. might B. can C. will D. should答案: C 指导：根据时间状语inthefuture可确定要用一般将来时。 题点经典类型题1.(典型例题检测) When you are swimming , you may shiver as you come out of the water. That is specially true if there is a

28、light gentle 1 . You wrap up in a piece of cloth to keep 2 .But still you shiver,and your 3 knock together because of the cold. Water is changing into 4 from your body, and the 5 takes away heat.You shiver because the 6 of your body are trying to produce heat to put back the heat you are 7 . Most bo

29、dy heat is made 8 the muscles. In the cells oxygen is combined with carbo-hydrates(碳水化合物) and fats, producing 9 Animal bodies inluding humans 10 food just as wood is burned in a fire, 11 the process is slower in the body the heat is set off gradually. 12 always produce Sometimes more,sometimes 13 Wh

30、en you exercise, 14 more active and so more heat. When you are losing heat 15 , the best do is to 16 . If you dont,you will shiver. That is the other 17 the muscles produce heat. Another way of sayir the muscles move rapidly and continuously 18 wards. Next time you shiver, try 19 a bit. Youll after

31、two or three 20 the shivering will disappear can keep normal body temperature. 1. A. sunlight B. wind C. water D. heal 2. A. cold B. wet C. warm D. dry 3. A. hands B. arms C. feet D. teet 4. A. air B. steam C. wind D. ice 5. A. shivering B. swimming C. changing D. running 6. A. skins B. muscles C. b

32、ones D. part 7. A. getting B. making C. producing D. losi 8. A. from B. of C. in D. intc 9. A. energy B. muscles C. blood D. stea 10. A. have B. need C. live on D. bur 11. A. except B. except thatC. except for D. besides 12. A. Food B. Heat C. Fat D. Mu 13. A. quicker B. slower C. greater D. less 14. A. theyre B. youre C.