最高考高考英语江苏语法精讲+精练专题六+非谓语动词常考点.docx

1、最高考高考英语江苏语法精讲+精练专题六+非谓语动词常考点专题六非谓语动词常考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语功能形式动名词具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语主动式doing被动式being done完成式having done/having been done现在分词表主动和正在进行， 常在句

2、中作定语， 状语，宾补一般式doing完成式having done 过去分词表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语一般式done进行式being done 完成式having been done动词不定式表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等一般式to do/to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done/to have been done动名词和不定式作主语 如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.动名词作主语的句型。如：It

3、is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/.for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/.of sb. to do。动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通

4、格或人称代词宾格。如：His coming made me happy.I cant imagine his/him living there alone.动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.完成下列句子：Its foolish _(你相信他说的话)Its impossible _(他做这样的事)Do you mind _(我抽烟)?Its no use _(你和他争辩)_(go) abroad is an honour to me._(take)

5、 abroad is an honour to me._(devote) to his work made him succeed.动名词和不定式作宾语 下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，pro

6、mise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主张)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉

7、妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：have

8、(no/much/some/.) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed toto作为介词的短语有：look forward to，pay attention to，object tobe opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used t

9、o(doing), lead tocontribute to(sb. doing/being done)allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommenddoingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommendsb.to do如：I dont allow smoking in my room.I dont allow him to smoke in my room.用所给词的适当形式填空：We agreed _(meet) here but so far she ha

10、snt turned up yet.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch)Janey pretended _(write) when her mother came in.I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.The doctor advised him _(stop) smoking.forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已

11、发生)remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)stop to do停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在或经常做的事go on to do继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)try to do努力、企图做try doing试验、试一试某种办法mean to do(人)打算，有意要mean doing

12、(物)意味着cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事用所给词的适当形式填空：Dont you remember _(see) the man before?I regret _(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.Lets try _(do) the work some other way.I didnt mean _(hurt) your feeling.Im so busy that I cant help _(clean) the house with yo

13、u.After we finished our homework，we went on _(review) the new lesson.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，in

14、terest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。用所给词的适当形式填空：His wish is _(go) abroad.His hobby is_(collect) stamps.The most important thing is _(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.What he should do is _(work) hard.He felt _(embarrass)分词、不定式作

15、宾语补足语的区别 下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词宾语动词不定式)：ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer(喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray(请求)，remind(提醒)，beg(请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱赶)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要

16、)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。感官动词，如：see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。使役动词have，make的用法(注意have作为“有”的用法)：使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。catch，find，get，leave，keep，s

17、et，send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。用所给词的适当形式填空：I often hear him _(sing) the song.I often hear the song_(sing)I heard him _(sing) the song when I passed by.I heard the song _(sing) when I passed by.Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything _(take) to your son?I wont have you _(talk) to him like that!I

18、had him _(repair) my bike.I had my bike _(repair)You shouldnt have the light _(burn) all the night.His letter left me _(feel) pretty bad.He left the work_(unfinish)You can leave him _(finish) the work.What she said set me _(think)The push sent him _(fall) down.分词和动词不定式作状语的区别 分词作状语，除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件

19、。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。用所给词的适当形式填空：_(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital._(give) more time，I will finish the work._(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine.He was excited _(hear) the news.He did all he could _(help) peop

20、le in need.The place he referred to is hard _(find)不定式和分词作定语的区别 不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定语。用所给词的适当形式填空：The meeting_(hold) tomorrow is important.The meeting_(hold) now is important

21、.The meeting _(hold) yesterday was important.现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系；而过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。用所给词的适当形式填空：_(see) from the top of the hill，the people on the street look like ants._(see) the scene，the people on the street let out a cry of joy.The room_(face) south

22、is our classroom.The room _(paint) white is mine.When I returned，I found the door _(lock)When I returned，I found him _(watch) TV.“疑问词不定式”结构 疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。用所给词的适当形式填空：When_(start) has not been decided.only to do，never to do，only doing only to

23、 do意为“结果却”；never to do意为“结果却再没有”；only doing意为“只是做”。用所给词的适当形式填空：He was busy writing a story，only_(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.He hurried there，only _(tell) the train had left.He left home，never_(hear) from.一致性 不定式和分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。完成下列句子：_ the film(看电影的时候)，he cried._

24、the film(看电影的时候)，tears came down his face.with复合结构 with后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动)、过去分词(表被动)、不定式(表将来)。with复合结构在句中作原因或伴随状语，还可以作定语。用所给词的适当形式填空：With a lot of homework _(finish)，I cant go with you.With a lot of homework _(finish)，I went home and had a rest.With a boy _(help) us，we found the place easi

25、ly.独立主格结构 独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)现在分词(与前面构成主动关系)；名词(代词)过去分词(与前面构成被动关系)；名词(代词)不定式(表将来)；名词(代词)副词；名词(代词)形容词；名词(代词)介词短语；名词(代词)名词。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.The test finished, we began our holiday.There being no bus, we had to walk home.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

26、He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.完成下列句子：Many people were missing，most of _ women.Many people were missing，most of _were women.Time _(permit)(If time permits)，we will go there.Time _(give)(If time is given)，

27、I will finish it alone.评注性分词 评注性分词有：judging from/by(按照判断)，considering(就而言)，generally speaking(总的来说)，talking/speaking of(说起)。但是注意区别judge和consider作为及物动词时的用法。用所给词的适当形式填空：_(judge) from his accent，he is from Hunan._(judge) to be the best，he was honoured._(consider) his age，he has done well._(consider) as

28、 one of the biggest cities in the world，Shanghai is very popular now.被动形式表主动意义的几个动词 be seatedsit，be locatedlie，be dressed inwear，be leftremain，be devoted todevote oneself to。用所给词的适当形式填空：Do you know the girl_(seat) under the tree?There are many problems_(remain) to be solved.There are many problems _(leave) unsolved._(devote) to science，he will be remembered forever._(devote) all his life to science，he will be remembered forever.非谓语动词的完成式和否定式 当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式。非谓语动词的否定式放在不定式、动名词或分词前。用括号里所给词