1、人教版小升初英语知识点汇总doc2018年人教版小升初英语知识点汇总第一篇、基础知识1字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12 个单元音:长元音:/a:/, /:/, /q:/, /i:/, /u:/短元音:l&l /e/ /i/ / D / / A/ /u/ /o/3词汇:词汇量,近反义词4句子:大小写,标点符号一、 第二部分:语法知识一名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1 一般情况,直接加女口: book-books, bag-bags, cat-c
2、ats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以“辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es,如I: family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以f或fe,结尾,变f或fe为v,再加es,如:knife-knives5. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policema n policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children
3、, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加,s 女口: Lucy,s ruler my father shirtb) 以s结尾的复数名词后加如:his friends,bagsc) 不以s结尾的复数后加,s children shoes并列名词中,如果把1加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,女n:Tom and Mi
4、kes car汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词,,来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China 二冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an
5、actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2) 定冠词:the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:(1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.(2) 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweate匚The swea
6、ter is new.(3) 谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4) 在序数词前:John,s birthday is February the second.(5) 用于I古I定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:(1) 专有名词前:China is a big country.(2) 名词前有定语:this , that, my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball(3) 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. T
7、hey are teachers (4) 在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Ifs Sunda y.(5) 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6) 球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home*但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7) 学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8) 在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9) 固定词组中:at
8、noon at night by bus三、代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一单数I (我)memy (我的)人称复数we (我们)usour (我们的)第二单数you (你)youyour (你的)人称复数you (你们)youyour (你们的)第三单数he (他)himhis (他的)人称she (她)herher (她的)it (它)Itits (它的)复数they (他们/她们/它们)themtheir (他们的/她们的/它们的)四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一) 、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级, 比较级后面一般带有
9、单词thano比较级前面可以用more, a little来修 饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2. 形容词加ei的规则:一般在词尾加er ;以字母e结尾,加;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加er ; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。3. 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二) 副词的比较级1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用 动)在句了中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句了中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2. 副词比较级的变化
10、规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词(1) 1-20one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99先说“儿十J再说“儿J中间加连字符。23twenty-three, 34thirtyfour, 45fortyfive, 56fifty-si
11、x,67 sixty-seven, 78seventy-eight, 89eighty-nine, 91 -ninety-one(3) 101999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586-five hundred and eighty-six, 803weight hundred and three(4) 1, 000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,J第一个“, 前为thousand第二个“,前为million,第三个“,”前为billion1, 001 one thousand and one18, 423eighteen thousand, four hundred
12、and twenty-three6,260, 309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundredand nine750, 000, 000, OOOseven hundred and fifty billion二、序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加theg.fburfourth, thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化onefirst, twosecond, threethird, eighteighth,nineninth, twelve一twelfth(3) 以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty t
13、wentieth, fbrtyfortieth, ninetyninetieth(4) 从二十一后的“几十几直至“几白几十几或“几千几百几十几 只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twentytwo hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i, th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等lt表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。:00 (dawn, midnight, noon)在一点
14、钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2on1) 表示具体日期。注:(1)关于”在周末”的几种表示法:(on) 在周末特指(on) 在周末泛指在整个周末周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说atC 而不说on C2) 在(刚)的时候。On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3. in1)表示”时段”、叩寸期”,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强 调对比 后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)七、动词:动词的四种时态:(1) 一般现在卩
15、寸:一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如1: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如1: We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加 W或”-es”。 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,女口: cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s x sh. ch. o 结尾,力Oes,女H: guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watc
16、hes, go-goes3. 以“辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es,如:study-studies(2) 一般过去时:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词%1 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:女口 worked , learned , cleaned , visited%1 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used%1 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed (此类动词较少) 女口 study 一 studied carry 一 carried worry 一 worried (注意 play stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)%1 双写
17、最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动 词的原形和过去式:sing-sang, eat - ate ,see 一 saw , have 一 had , do 一 did , go 一 went, take 一 took , buy 一 bought, get got, read read ,fly flew , am/is was ,are 一 were , say 一 said , leave 一 left , swim 一 swam , tell 一 told , draw 一 drew , come 一 came, los
18、e 一 lost, find 一 found , drink 一 drank , hurt 一 hurt, feel 一 felt(3) 一般将来吋:基本结构: be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow (明天)=I will go swimming tomorrow (4) 现在进行时:am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:%1 一般的直接在后面加上ing ,如doing , going , working , singing ,eat
19、ing%1 以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing%1 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming ,sitting , getting二.第三部分:句法1. 陈述句(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,女口: Fm a student.She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00.I watched TV yesterday evening(2) 、否定句:
20、含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,女: Trnnotastudent. She is not (isnt) a docto匸He does not (doesrft) work in a hospital. There are not (arent)four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didrft) watchTV yesterday evening.2. 疑问句 一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句了必须用yes,或“no, 来回答。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what, w
21、here , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不 能用“yes、no”来回答。3. There be 句型There be句型与have, has的区别1、 There be句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、 在there be句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is ;主语是复数,be 动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决 定。3 there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not, 般疑问句把be动词 调到句首。4 there be句型与have(has)的区别:there b
22、e表示在某地有某物(或 人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、 some和any在there be句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、 and和or在there be句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于 否定句或疑问句。7、 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What5 s +介词短语?第三部分:情景交际第四部分:阅读训练第五部分:书面表达常考题型:一、听力1 听句子中的单词,或者直接听单词2 根据听到的内容选择相应的回答的句子3选出与听到的句
23、子相同意思的句子 4听短文,判断正误。二、 语音:选出与画线部分相同的读音三、 用所给词的正确形式填空四、 单项选择五、 把句子连成一段话六、 完形填空七、 根据图片内容,完成对话八、 阅读理解:1 选出正确的答案。2,判断正误。3,回答问题。九、 改错十、书而表达:作文小学毕业班英语单词和句型总复习三年级上册单词黑体字(73个单词)pen pencil pencil-case book bagruler eraser crayon sharpener school head face nose mouth eye ear arm hand fingerlegfootbodyredyellow
24、greenbluepurple whiteblackorangepinkbrowncat dog monkey panda rabbit ducksquirrel mouse elephant pig bird bear cake bread hotdog hamburger chicken French friesCoke juice milk water tea coffeeone two three four five six seven eight nine ten do11 ball boat kite balloon car plane三年级下册单词黑体字(72个单词、词组)boy
25、girlteacherstudentthis myfriendnicegood morningGoodafternoonmeet goodbyetoofatherdadmothermom man woman grandmothergrandmagrandfather grandpa sisterbrotherlefs=letusreallygreatandhow eleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteen seventeeneighteennineteen twentyhow many canlook atpeachpear orange waterm
26、elon applebananagrapestrawberrylike some thanks busbiketaxijeepdeskchairWalkmanlamp yourzoosmall big long short tall giraffe deer四年级上册单词 黑体字(66个单词、词组)windowboardlightpicturedoorfloorclassroom computer wallfanteacher 7s desk ChinesebookEnglishbookmathbookschoolbagstory-book notebook twenty-one thirty
27、 thirty-onefortyforty-onefiftylonghair shorthair thinstrong quietfriend(s) musicsciencesports computer gamepaintingstudy bathroom bedroom living kitchen phone bednoodles beef vegesofa shelf fridge table rice fish er nurse baseball playerfamily parents uncle auntbabydriver doctor farmbagpencilpenbook
28、 rulerpencil caseteacherstudent boygirlfriendhomeroom schoolclassroomwindow deskdoorchairbed ricebeefbread milkegg water四会单词(36个)chicken fish sisterbrotherfathermother四年级下册单词 黑体词(50个单词、词组)playground garden teacher9s desk canteen art room computerroom washroom music roomgymTV roomlunchEnglishclass mu
29、sic class breakfastdinnerP.E class getupgo toschool go homego tobedsweaterjeanspantssocksshoes shortshotweatherrainywindycloudy colorfulprettycheapexpensive sneakersslipperssandalsbootssheep hen lamb goat cow tomatocucumberpotatoonioncarrot四会单词(88 个)computerboardfanlightthis ismy thatyourteacher,sdesk picture wallflooryes itone two threefourfivesixseveneightnine teri whattimeitsoclockma
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