成人高等教育北京地区试题.docx

1、成人高等教育北京地区试题Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding lette

2、r on the Answer Sheet。Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Breastfeeding(母乳喂养) for a month or longer appears to reduce a womans risk of getting diabetes(糖尿病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, acco

3、rding to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women from California. Of those, 405were not mothers

4、, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old。According to Schwarzs study, the risk of getting a diagnosis(诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that

5、 of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found。Whil

6、e one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. (76)“Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body。” Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says。The diabetes-breast

7、feeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who dont breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says。The finding isnt surprising at all, says Kimberly Grego

8、ry. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy(怀孕) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She

9、 often focuses on the benefits to the baby。1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study。B. Eleanor Schwarzs research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes。C. Over one fifths

10、of the women never got married。D. Eleanor Schwarzs results seem more reliable。2. According to Schwarzs findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?A. Those mothers who had never breastfed。B. Those mothers who never gave birth。C. Those mothers who breastfed for a month。D. Those mother

11、s who breastfed for six months。3. Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with?A. Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape。B. Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mothers chances of getting all kinds of serious disease。C. Breastfeeding for a mo

12、nth is highly recommended: the longer, the better。D. Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies smarter。4. What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph?A. Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time。B. Women who dream of having babies for the first time。C. Women wh

13、o already have children。D. Women who have just got babies for the first time。5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Breastfeeding May Enhance Babies Chances of SurvivalB. Breastfeeding May Lower Moms Diabetes RiskC. Breastfeeding May Become Very Fashionable in Near Fut

14、ureD. Breastfeeding May Help Women Lose Weight。Passage 2Questions 6 to 10are based on the following passage:Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper

15、evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that dont break down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal。It is very un

16、usual to find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria(细菌)in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different。In 1984,two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the n

17、orth of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the

18、men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possiblybuy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe s

19、cientists who examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!Why was this man so well preserved? (77)It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very

20、acidic. The acid preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes。How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called, “Lindow Man”. (78) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn

21、t done heavy manual work in this lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadnt died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods。6. Which language does the word “archaeology” com from?A. French. B. Greek C. Roman. D. German。7. The word “these”

22、in the first paragraph refers to _。A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects8. Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”?A. Ice and low temperature. B. Bacteria and oxygen。C. Soil and energy. D. Acid and water。9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRU

23、E?A. “Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him。B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence。C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England。D. “Lindow Man” was good at manual work。10. Which is the best title for the passag

24、e?A. What Is Archaeology?B. Archaeology and HistoryC. An Amazing Archaeological DiscoveryD. The Death of “Lindow Man” Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered

25、 to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modern art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare。And yet, city life isnt easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the resu

26、lts are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs(损害)our basic mental processes. (79) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While its long been recognized that city

27、 life is exhausting, this new research suggests that citied actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so。One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more

28、quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life。This research arrives

29、 just as humans cross an important milestone(里程碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, were crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of strangers. In recent years, its become clear that such unnatural

30、surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think。This research is also leading some scientists to dabble(涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. (80) The good news is that even slight al

31、terations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help。11. Which of the following is the main idea of this passa

32、ge?A. The city inspires talented people。B. The city hurts your brain。C. The city has many pleasures and benefits。D. The city seriously affects the natural balance。12. The word “metropolis” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _。A. citizen B. nature C. city D. stress13. People have just come to realize that _。A. human attention is a scarce resourceB. city life can make people v