经济学原理对应练习10.docx

1、经济学原理对应练习10Chapter 10 ExternalitiesMultiple Choice1.In a market economy, government interventiona.will always improve market outcomes.b.reduces efficiency in the presenee of externalities.c.may improve market outcomes in the prese nee of exter nalities.d.is n ecessary to con trol in dividual greed.A

2、NS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Exter nalities MSC: Applicative2.In the absence of externalities, the invisible hand leads a market to maximizea.producer profit from that market.b.total ben efit to society from that market.c.both equity and efficie ncy in that market.d.output of goods or services

3、in that market.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Exter nalities MSC: Applicative3.One advantage market economies have over other types of economies is that market economiesa.provide an equal distribution of goods and services to consumers.b.establish government economic control.c.solve the problem

4、of scarcity.d.are more efficient.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Exter nalities MSC: Applicative4.The term market failure refers toa.a market that fails to allocate resources efficiently.b.an un successful advertis ing campaig n which reduces dema nd.c.ruthless competiti on among firms.d.a firm t

5、hat is forced out of bus in ess because of losses.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Exter nalities MSC: Defi nitio nal5.Market failure can be caused bya.too much competition.b.externalities.c.low con sumer dema nd.d.scarcity.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Exter nalities MSC: I nterpretive6.An e

6、xternality is the impact ofa.societys decisions on the well-being of society.b.a persons actions on that persons well-being.c.one pers ons acti ons on the well-be ing of a bysta nder.d.societys decisions on the poorest person in the society.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Exter nalities MSC: Defi

7、 nitio nal7.The impact of one persons actions on the well-being of a bystander is calleda.an economic dilemma.b.deadweight loss.c.a multi-party problem.d.an externality.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative8.An externalitya.is a type of market failure.b.causes markets to

8、allocate resources efficiently.c.strengthens the role of the “ invisible hand ” in the marketplace.d.affects producers but not consumers.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive9.Dog owners do not bear the full cost of the noise their barking dogs create and often take too

9、few precautions to prevent their dogs from barking. Local governments address this problem bya.making it illegal to disturb the peace.b.having a well-funded animal control department.c.subsidizing local animal shelters.d.encouraging people to adopt cats.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externaliti

10、es MSC: Applicative10.An externality isa.the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargain.b.the uncompensated impact of one persons actions on the well-being of a bystander.c.the proposition that private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation o

11、f resources.d.a market equilibrium tax.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional11.An externality is an example ofa.a corrective tax.b.a tradable pollution permit.c.a market failure.d.Both a and b are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative1

12、2.An externality exists whenevera.the economy can benefit from government intervention.b.markets are not able to reach equilibrium.c.a firm sells its product in a foreign market.d.a person engages in an activity that influences the well-being of a bystander and yet neither pays nor receives payment

13、for that effect.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional13.When externalities are present in a market, the well-being of market participantsa.and market bystanders are both directly affected.b.and market bystanders are both indirectly affected.c.is directly affected, and ma

14、rket bystanders are indirectly affected.d.is indirectly affected, and market bystanders are directly affected.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0TOP: Externalities MSC: Analytical14.Which of the following statements about a well-maintained yard best conveys the general nature of the externalitya.A well-m

15、aintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the homes market value.b.A well-maintained yard conveys a negative externality because it increases the property tax liability of the owner.c.A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacent properties in the neighborhood.d.A well-maintained yard cannot provide any type of externality. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative15.Since restored historic buildings convey a positive externality, local governments may choose toa.regulation the demo