高中英语语法复习8 动词时态和语态.docx

1、高中英语语法复习8 动词时态和语态语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种 2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。 4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代

2、词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。二、动词的时态：1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进

3、行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系

4、，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。练习一：动词时态与语态（1）1. When I saw Mary, she

5、 _ on the piano.A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drink this?A. happens B. is happening C.

6、will happen D. is happened5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They cant leave until they _ their

7、 work.A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D.

8、is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was washed12. I havent finished my composition. I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writting it13. I will take my daughter

9、with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didnt say B. couldnt speak to C. said D. didnt tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16

10、. When _ school begin? Next Monday. A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. w

11、ent B. will go C. go D. have gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We wont go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Su

12、mmer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. A. it was not be

13、ing held B. they didnt holdC. it had not held D. they were holding it26. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was

14、putting D. were you putting/have put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Dont come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A.

15、Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. Hurry up

16、, you _ on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you. A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted D. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be

17、living D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycl

18、e and hurt himself.A. fell/was riding B. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rode D. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to be B. was about to be C. could be D. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an

19、 agreement _.A. was arrived at B. was arrived in C. was arrived D. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look up C. Look out D. Look down44. Have you _ him to give

20、 up smoking? No. I _, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded C. tried/tried D. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I dont know when he _, but when he _, Ill let you know.A. will come/comes

21、 B. comes/will come C. comes/comes D. will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult. A. hope B. had hoped C. hoped D. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show

22、you something.” “Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring me a gift.” A. never think/are going B. never thought/ were going C. didnt think/ are going D. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom. A. havent got B. hasnt got C. wouldnt get D. doesnt have got51. She had a

23、shock when she heard the news, _? A. hadnt she B. didnt she C. wouldnt she D. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature. A. became mixed with B. was mixed by C. mixes with D. has been mixing by动词时态和语态（2）一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。 1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其

24、从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears. 2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twic

25、e. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didnt know when they would have a rest. (4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过

26、去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.二、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:We often help them. (主动)我们常帮助他们。They are often helped by us.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。 1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。 2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的基本用法相同，只是句中的主

27、语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如:(1)一般现在时：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: When will the work be finished? (4)过去将来时：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：Your tractor is being repaired now.(

28、6)过去进行时：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：The work hasnt been finished yet. (8)过去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began. 3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：The new m

29、achine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker. 4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语；由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（）如果主动语态动词后又

30、有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.was told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. （）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear