职称英语理工类A级考试真题 考试复习真题 必看版.docx

1、职称英语理工类A级考试真题 考试复习真题 必看版2015年职称英语理工类A级考试真题第一部分：词汇选项1.I will nottoleratethat sort of behavior in my class.A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept答案：D2.She showed a naturalaptitudehard to accept.A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.taste答案：B3.Most people findrejectionhard to accept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal

2、答案：C4. The organization wasboldenough to face the press.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible答案：C5.They were locked inmortalcmbat.A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.active答案：A6. We were attracted by thelureof quick money.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp答案：C7.The procedures were perceived as complex and lesstranspare

3、nt.A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.correct答案：A8.The Stock Exchange is inturmoilfollowing a huge wave of selling.A.ServiceB.dangerC.disorderD.threat答案：C9.He believes that Europe must change or it willperish.A.surviceB.lastC.dieD.move答案：C10.There was asimultaneoustrial taking place in the next build.A.fa

4、irB.fullC.coexistingD.public答案：C11.They promotesimulationof ethnic group into the main-streasm culture.A.policyB.valueC.equalityD.intergration答案：D12.A salemanscardinalrule is to satisfy customers.A.principalB.officalC.simpleD.legal答案：A13.I mustcomplimentyou on your handling of a very difficult situa

5、tion.A.silenceB.praiseC.assureD.complain答案：B14.We live for years in aperpetualstate of fear.A.emotionB.nervousC.terribileD.Contimuous答案：D15.The starving children were a pathectic sight.A.commonB.unexpectedC.unforgettableD.pitiful答案：D第二部分：阅读判断Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientis

6、tshave long speculated as to why animal species didnt flourish sooner,oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earths surface.Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period,about 800 million years ago but what about thebillion-year stretch before that,when most researchers think there also wa

7、splenty of oxygen?Well,it seems the air wasnt so great then,after all.Ina study published Oct.31 in Science,Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the boring billionperiod wereonly 0.1% of what they are today.In other words,Earths atmosphere couldnthave supp

8、orted a diversity of creatures,no matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals,but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,said Planavsky,co-lead author of the

9、 research along with ChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology.Were providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments

10、 from China,Australia,Canada,and the United States.Chromium isfound in the Earths continental crust,and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow,iron-rich ocean areas,near theshore.They compared t

11、heir data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygensrole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.We were missing the right approach until now,Planavsky said.Chromium gaveus the proxy.Previous estimates put the oxygen le

12、vel at 40% of todaysconditions during pre-animal times,leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.Inthe new study,the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were highlydynamicin the early atmosphere,with the potential for occasional spikes.Howeve

13、r,they said,It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surface Cr cyclingbefore and after the rise of animals.If we are right,ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life,and their relationships to the co-evolving environ

14、ment,saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside.This could be agame changer.”Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundations Earth-Life Transitions program,awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard,and Lyons.Theother members of the

15、research team included Xiangli Wang,a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson,of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson,ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick,of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer,of the California Institute of Technology.16.The study discovered the rise of an

16、imals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18.The team was funded by several research institutes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19.Genetic advancements t

17、riggered the rise of animals.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20.The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21.The study revealed that chromium found in Earths continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of animals.A.Right B.Wrong C.

18、Not mentioned22.Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned答案：BACBABC第三部分：概括大意与完成句子FirstImage-recognition Software1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial 1,software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with

19、far gre jthan ever before.2.The new system,which was tested on photos and is now being applied to,Ishows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则)or,ma9e I recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough toimprove large seaie,document searches online. The system uses pix

20、el (像素)data in images and potentia y video rather than just text to locatedocuments. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase bystudying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then beapplied to other photos without

21、 tags or captions making for more accuratedocument search results.3.Over the last 30 years,says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study,the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern,massive,fast-growing multimedia data set,where nearly every

22、page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page,he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet,surprisingly,all existing popularsearch engines,such as Google or Bing,strip away the information contained inthe photos and use exclusively the t

23、ext of Web pages to perform the documentretrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systemsare accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the informationcontained in image pixels to improve document search.4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision sy

24、stem a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitlyprogrammed that extracts semantic (语义的) information from thepixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. Th

25、eresearchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retheval searchengine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additionalsemantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the

26、 Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision overthe original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 _D_24. Paragraph 2 _C_25. Paragraph 3 _E_26. Paragraph 4 _F_A.Popularity of the new systemB.Publication of the new discoveryC.Function of the new systemD

27、.Artificial intelligence software createdE.Problems of the existing search enginesF.Improvement in document retrieval27. The new system does document retrieval by _C_.28. The new system is expected toimprove precision in _E_.29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _

28、A_30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _B_A.information in imagesB.current popular search enginesC.using photosD.machine vision systemsE.document searchF.description of the HTML page第四部分：阅读理解第一篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat,More LightSolar photovoltaic th

29、ermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they havent been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector.Thats because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generat

30、e more electricity but isnta very efficient way to gather heat.Thats a problem of economics.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost.And its also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leav

31、ing little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,anassociate professor of materials science and engineering,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queens University,Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They dont create as much electricity,but they are lighter,fl