虚拟语气.docx

1、虚拟语气insist后的从句用什么语气 insist后的从句一定要用虚拟语气吗?请看下面的这道题：The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done, should be B. should do, should beC. had done, had been D. should do, had been【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要

2、看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）He insisted that I should read his letter.

3、他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）请再做下面一题()：The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent答案选B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。It is time后的定语从句用虚拟语气 从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时

4、或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如： I think its time you went to bed.我想你该睡觉了。Its time we went were going, should go.我们该走了。I think its time they were taught a lesson.我想现在该给他们一点教训了。注：time前有时有about和high修饰：I think its high time that she made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用was时而用we

5、re。如：Its time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语式 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形。如：I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。I wish you would be more respectful to your fathe

6、r.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。注：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：I wish I were rich.要是我现在有钱就好了。I wish I had been rich.要是那时我有钱就好了。I wished I were rich.当时我后悔自己没有钱。I wished I had been rich.当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。I wish后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式 请看下面一题：I wish you _ him my telephone number，but you did.A. didnt give B. hadnt given C. wouldnt g

7、ive D. shouldnt give此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时，谓语有三种可能：1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去时：I wish I were a teacher.我要是一位老师就好了。I wish I remembered her address.我要是记得她的地址就好了。2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时：How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy.我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用could /would+ /might+动词原形：I

8、wish he would come at once.我真希望他马上来。类似地，以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似，以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之，含义大致相同。(2) as if /though (好像)：She loves the child as if he were her own.她疼爱这孩子，就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)He talks as if he had been there many times.他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)He speaks

9、 as if he would die soon.听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气 请看下面的有关考题：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey此题应选 B。一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的sh

10、ould在美国英语常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane.他命令用专机来运送药品。I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer.我要求准我找我的律师。注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：2. insist表示“坚持要”、“一定要”，从句多指尚未实现的想法，谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语用陈述语气：

11、I insisted that he (should) go.我坚持要他去。I insisted that he was wrong.我坚持认为他错了。2. suggest表示“建议”，其后接that从句，一般要用虚拟语气;若表示“暗示”、“表明”，则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气()：She suggested that we (should) leave early.她建议我们早点动身。Her expression suggested that she was angry.她的表情表明了她生气了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 请看下面的题目：If he _，he _ that food.Lu

12、ckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warmed，would not take B. had been warmed，would not have takenC. would be warmed，had not taken D. would have been warmed，had not taken此题应选 B。该题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句的谓语用 would(should，could，might)+have+过去分词()：1. If she had worked hard

13、er，she _.A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeed D. would have succeeded2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday，he _me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would D. were; would have prevented 3. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she_，she wo

14、uld have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come4. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn，you_ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 请看下面的题目：If he was here，he _ us how to do

15、 it.A. told B. would tell C. had told D. have told此题应选 B。该题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语则要用 would (should，could，might)+动词原形：If there were no subjective mood，English would be much easier.要是没有虚拟语气，英语就会容易得多了。If I knew his telephone number，I would ring him up.我要是知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了。在虚拟条件句，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语，单数情况也可以用was：()We could ask him if