整理ecology英语词汇.docx

1、整理ecology英语词汇生态学词汇：窗体顶端agroecology农业生态学abundance丰度，丰富abiotic components非生物组分assimilate同化assimilation同化作用aquatic水生的，水域的，水栖的aquatic ecosystem水生生态系统algae藻类，海藻ammonium氨age structure年龄结构area effect面积效应atmospheric cycle气相型循环ammonification氨化作用acid rain酸雨acid deposition酸性沉降物asexual reproduction无性繁殖aquacultu

2、re水产养殖annual weeds一年生草本（二） 环境影响经济损益分析的步骤abandoned field废弃农田大纲要求（2）生产、储存危险化学品（包括使用长输管道输送危险化学品）的建设项目；alternative energy sources例题-2006年真题下列关于建设项目环境影响评价实行分类管理的表述，正确的是（）替代能源窗体底端环境影响的经济损益分析，也称环境影响的经济评价，即估算某一项目、规划或政策所引起的环境影响的经济价值，并将环境影响的经济价值纳入项目、规划或政策的经济费用效益分析中去，以判断这些环境影响对该项目：规划或政策的可行性会产生多大的影响。对负面的环境影响估算出

3、的是环境费用，对正面的环境影响估算出的是环境效益。 窗体顶端adaptation2.辨识与分析危险、有害因素适应alternative farming替代农作3.环境影响登记表的内容adaptative radiation适应辐射aerobic respiration环境的两个特点：有氧呼吸意愿调查评估法（简称CV法）是指通过调查等方法，让消费者直接表述出他们对环境物品或服务的支付意愿（或接受赔偿意愿），或者对其价值进行判断。在很多情形下，它是唯一可用的方法。如用于评价环境资源的选择价值和存在价值。二、建设项目环境影响评价agroforestry农林业alien species外源种ancie

4、nt forest原始森林altitude纬度anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸arable land耕地autotroph自养生物aphid蚜虫boundary边界biotic components生物组分biotic population生物种群biotic community生物群落biomass生物量（用重量或能量单位表示）biome生物群系，区域性生物群落类型boreal forest北方针叶林beaver海狸窗体底端 窗体顶端biosphere生物圈biological nitrogen fixation生物固氮biological oxygen demand (B

5、OD)生物需氧量biotic potential生物潜能（生殖潜能）biodiversity生物多样性biogeochemical cycles生物地球化学循环biological magnification生物放大作用biotrophic parasite活体寄生物biodegradable生物能降解的biological control生物防治biennials两年生的biotic factors生物因子birth control生育控制broad-spectrum pesticides光谱杀虫剂behavioral ecology行为生态学biocoenosis生物群落biotope（群

6、落）生境cultivation栽培，驯养climate change气候变化carbonhydrate碳水化合物窗体底端 窗体顶端carbon cycle碳循环Calcium carbonate碳酸钙coral reef珊瑚礁carrying capacity环境容纳量clumped dispersion成丛分布commensalism偏利作用competitive exclusion竞争排斥coevolution协同进化camouflage伪装climax community顶极群落consumer消费者carnivores肉食动物canopy冠层coniferous forest针叶林co

7、nvergent evolution趋同进化clear-cut采伐空地contour plowing等高耕作crop rotation作物轮作cowbird燕八哥carbon dioxide concentration二氧化碳浓度窗体底端 窗体顶端cellulose纤维素closed system封闭系统coexistence共存courtship求偶（期）crude birth rate粗出生率compost有机肥料，堆肥continental ecosystem陆地生态系统distribution分布decomposition分解，腐烂，降解discipline学科degradation退

8、化desertification沙化,荒漠化deciduous forest落叶林decomposer分解者detritus有机残体density-independent controls非密度制约density-dependent controls密度制约distance effect距离效应detritivore食碎屑者detrital food chain腐生食物链窗体底端 窗体顶端deforestation破坏植被；森林砍伐denitrification反硝化作用deepsea fishery深海渔业dominant species优势种dilution effect稀释效应ecolo

9、gical生态学的，生态的ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统environment环境environmentalism环境论，环境保护论ecologist生态学家，生态学者earthworm蚯蚓ecological efficiency生态效率entropy熵endothermic animal温血动物,恒温动物ectothermic animal冷血动物，变温动物El Nino厄尔尼诺现象estuary河口，江口ecosystem function生态系统功能euphotic zone透光层窗体底端 窗体顶端ecological pyramid生态金字塔ecosystem val

10、ue生态系统价值ecological niche生态位exponential growth 指数型增长energy flow能流environmental reservoir环境库evaporation蒸发ecosystem modeling生态系统模拟environmental gradient环境梯度energetic trade-off能量平衡equilibrium平衡emergent挺水植物，突出树丛epiphyte附生植物extinction灭绝exotic species外来种endangered species濒于灭绝的物种ecotone群落交错区ecotourism生态旅游ex

11、ternal cost外部成本ecological crisis生态危机窗体底端 窗体顶端fungi真菌first law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律food chain食物链food web食物网flux流（量）fossil fuels化石燃料fixed action pattern固定行为模式fundamental niche基础生态位feedback反馈fern蕨类植物flagship species旗舰种feedback loop反馈环floating-leaved aquatic plant浮叶水生植物gross primary productivity(GPP

12、)总初级生产力grazing food chain草牧食物链geological uplifting地质抬升greenhouse effect温室效应greenhouse gases温室气体green revolution绿色革命guild共位群窗体底端 窗体顶端grasshopper蝗虫genetic drift遗传漂变global warming全球变暖geothermal power地热能geographic isolation地理隔离green manure绿肥genetic diversity遗传多样性hunter-gatherer society狩猎-采集社会herbivore草食

13、动物hydrological cycle水循环habitat生境human intervention人类干扰humus腐殖质hummingbird蜂鸟habitat fragmentation生境片段化heterotroph异养生物herbcide除草剂hazardous waste有害废物hydrosphere水圈homeostasis动态平衡窗体底端 窗体顶端interact相互作用irrigation灌溉individual level个体水平infrared spectrum红外光区industrial nitrogen fixation工业固氮infiltration rate渗漏速

14、度inverted ecological pyramid倒生态金字塔impermeable layer不透水层intraspecific competition种内竞争interspecific competition种间竞争intertidal zone潮间带instinctive behavior先天性行为inshore fishery沿海渔业isotope同位素ice-cap冰盖，冰帽intermediate disturbance hypothesis中度干扰假说inorganic fertilizer无机肥料interplanting间作integrated pest managem

15、ent综合害虫管理island biogeography岛屿生物地理学窗体底端 窗体顶端edge effect边缘效应indicator species指示生物infant mortality rate幼体死亡率intercropping间作invasive species入侵物种infectious disease传染病keystone species关键种kinetic energy动能K-strategistsK-对策者landscape ecology景观生态学Lindemann efficiency林德曼效率lynx猞猁，山猫life table生命表life expectancy平

16、均寿命limiting resource限制性资源limiting factors限制因子logistic growth逻辑斯谛增长leafcutting ants切叶蚁leaching渗漏land-use planning土地利用规划窗体底端 窗体顶端law of tolerance耐性定律law of conservation of energy能量受恒定律Lyme disease莱姆关节炎病lithosphere岩石圈lentic ecosystem静水生态系统management of ecosystem生态系统管理mycorrhizal fungi菌根真菌mineralization

17、矿化作用marine system海洋生态系统methane甲烷mortality rate 死亡率mutualism互利共生maximum fatal temperature最高致死温度mimicry拟态migratory birds候鸟maximum sustainable yield最大持续收获量marginal cost边际成本marginal benefit边际收益microclimate微气候（小气候）matapopulation联种群窗体底端 窗体顶端minimum viable population最小可生存种群nematode线虫类natural resources自然资源n

18、et primary productivity (NPP)净初级生产力nutrient cycle养分循环nitrogen cycle氮循环nitrogen-fixing bacteria固氮菌nitrate硝酸盐neutral interaction中性作用nitrogen fixation氮固定nitrification硝化作用n-dimensional hypervolumen维超体积niche separation生态位分离necrotrophic parasite尸养寄生物nonpoint source pollutant非点源污染物nonbiodegradable 生物不能降解的n

19、ative species本地种nature reserves自然保护区natural disasters自然灾害organism生物体，有机体窗体底端 窗体顶端overgrazing过度放牧organic matter有机质open system开放系统overlapping generations世代重叠one-way flow 单向流动ozone layer臭氧层ozone hole臭氧空洞overexploitation过度开发利用overfishing过度捕捞optimal foraging theory最适捕食理论oscillation波动，摆动oligotrophic（水域）贫营

20、养的Omnivores杂食动物oil spill漏油productivity生产力pathogen病菌，病原体pesticide杀虫剂photosynthesis光合作用primary productivity初级生产力photosynthetic efficiency光合效率窗体底端 窗体顶端predator捕食者，肉食动物praying mantis螳螂phytoplankton浮游植物permafrost永冻带（土）phosphorus cycle磷循环parent material土壤母质population demography种群统计学，人口统计学population densit

21、y种群密度spatial distribution空间分布predation捕食parasitism寄生parasite寄主,寄生者parasitoid拟寄生物pioneer species先锋种primary succession原生演替prairies草原primary producer初级生产者precipitation降水（量）photochemical smog光化学烟雾population fluctuation种群波动窗体底端 窗体顶端periodic fluctuation周期性波动prey猎物preadapted预适应的perennial weeds多年生草本positive

22、 feedback mechanism正反馈机制point source pollutant点源污染物power plant能源植物physiological ecology生理生态学photic zone透光层population dynamics种群动态protist原生生物resistance抗性，抵抗力regulation of ecosystem生态系统的调控respiration呼吸作用,呼吸root nodule根瘤red tides赤潮random dispersion随机分布resource partitioning资源配置（分配）realized niche实际生态位rem

23、ote sensing遥感窗体底端 窗体顶端restoration ecology恢复生态学system系统stability of ecosystem生态系统的稳定性soil erosion土壤侵蚀salinization盐化（作用）solar energy太阳能second law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律species diversity物种多样性sable紫貂，黑貂seal海豹standing biomass现存生物量static life table静态生命表survivorship curves存活曲线symbiosis共生(体)succession演替se

24、condary succession次生演替structure of ecosystem生态系统的结构sedimentary cycle沉积型循环surface runoff地表径流soil acidification土壤酸化窗体底端 窗体顶端side effect副作用solid wastes固体废物shifting cultivation迁徙耕作sexual reproduction有性繁殖sexual maturity性成熟seed bank种子库sustainable farming持续农作sustainable agriculture持续农业songbirds鸣禽source population种群源sink population种群库secondary consumer次级消费者spatial scale空间尺度trophic营养的trophic level营养级tundra