1、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词“分家”一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, ho
2、mework, time, health, friendship等)。二、 可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:book books room roomshouse houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:bus buses glass glasseswatch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
3、city cities body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen(规律:man men) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄话: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo photos f
4、oot feet tooth teeth 悄悄话: oo变成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话: 变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。三、 不可数名词的家务事1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义发生变化。如:water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不
5、可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:fruit fruits food foodsfish fishes hair hairs* 用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6.
6、 Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), plea
7、se?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.参考答案:1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9.children 10.dictionaries 11.hair,hairs 12.women 13.orange 14.foxes 15.juice 名词可数不可数“六注意”一、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。
8、如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the;而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:He is a factory worker.他是一名工人.No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示一些,许多。如:T
9、here are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如: This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不
10、可数名词前有复数单位词时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?注意:对不可数名词前的单位词的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子
11、里有多少片面包?“行行色色”的名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加s表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。一、名词词尾加s的所有格1. 一般情况在名词后加s。例如:That girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加s。例如:Today is September 10th, Teachers Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new f
12、or my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加s;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加s。例如:They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!He is Lily and Lucys father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如: My father and I will have dinner at
13、the Johnsons (home ). 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。We will have our hair cut at the barbers(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加s构成所有格。例如: There is something important in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。Its about ten minutes walk from school to our home every day.每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分
14、钟。6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:This is not Dicks dictionary, but is Toms.这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。二、由of短语构成的所有格1. 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的另一边有一条河。2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:This is a photo of Mr Browns. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。不用定冠词”the”的八项纪
15、律一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。例如:1. I like reading the books.()I like reading books.()2. She likes the cats.() She likes cats.()二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。例如:1. I have lunch at the noon.()I have lunch at noon.()2. We go to school by the bus.()We go to school by bus.()三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。例如:1. I like the Ch
16、ina.() I like China.()2. Would you like a cup of the water? ()Would you like a cup of water?()四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:1. Today is the Teachers Day. () Today is Teachers Day.() 2. He was born in the May in 1987. () He was born in May in 1987. () 五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。例如: 1. Good morni
17、ng, the sir!() Good morning, sir! ()2. I need some help, the Mummy.() I need some help, Mummy.()六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用。例如: 1. This the pen is mine. () This pen is mine.()2. I have the some money. () I have some money. ()七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面。例如:1. We will learn the Chine
18、se, the history and the Maths this afternoon. ()We will learn Chinese, history and Maths this afternoon.()2. The English is the most interesting of all the subjects.()English is the most interesting of all the subjects.() 八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面。例如:1. She goes to school after the breakfast every morni
19、ng.()She goes to school after breakfast every morning.()2. We often play the football after school. ()We often play football after school. () 介词 for 的用法小结1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for
20、helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如:Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:I usually do the running for
21、 an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:Lets go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于的”。如:Its time for school. 到上学的时间了。Here is a letter for you
22、. 这儿有你的一封信。7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如:Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。并列连词“欢聚一堂”Mr. And:大家好!我是And,把英语句子翻译成汉语时大家经常看不见我的影子,可是在英语中却必不可少。我的任务是把两个或两个以上的有并列关系、动作先后关系或者是有条件和结果关系的句子连接起来。 After lunch
23、 Aunt Huang came in and she looked worried. 午饭后黄阿姨进来了,她看起来很着急。(表示并列关系) Mary brushed her teech and she went to bed. 玛丽刷完牙,然后上床睡觉。(表示动作先后关系) Use your head, and youll find a good way. 动动脑筋,你就会找到好的方法。(表示条件和结果)该句相当于If you use your head, youll find a good way. 祈使句,+and + 一般将来时的句子这是一个固定句型,表示如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就
24、会有后面句子表示的结果。如: Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你就会通过考试。 Miss But:Hello, everyone! 我是Miss But。我的工作是把两个意思相反或相对的句子连接起来。我的同事还有:yet (可是),while (而)等。大家请看: I heard a big noise and I looked out, but I didnt see anything. 我听到一声巨响,就往外看,但是我什么也没看见。 Im poor, but I always enjoy myself. 我很穷,但是我总是过得很开心。
25、 My elder brother likes playing basketball while I like playing football. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球,而我喜欢踢足球。 我是Mr. So. 因此、所以就是我的口头禅。我能迅速地把含有因果关系的两个简单句连接起来。下面请看我的才艺表演。 This is our first lesson, so I dont know all your names. 这是我们的第一节课,因此并不是所有人的名字我都知道。 I am rich, so I can buy myself lots of nice things. 我很富裕,所以我能给自己买很
26、多好东西。 我有一个好朋友Mr. For,他的性格与我很相似,他也喜欢寻根究底,只不过他注重原因,我注重结果。He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇头(表示否决),因为他有不同的见解。 我是Miss Or,我是一个和蔼可亲的人,一般情况下我不会强迫某人去做某一件事情,我可以让他(她)自己做出选择。有时,我也会比较严厉,这时候我会用命令的语气说做好某事,否则(要不然)就会。让我给大家献个丑吧! You may do it yourself, or you can ask someone to help you. 你可以自己做,你也可以请
27、人来帮你。 Work hard, or you cant pass the exam.(= If you dont work hard, you cant pass the exam.)努力学习,否则你就会考试不及格。 祈使句,+ or + 一般将来时的句子是一个固定句型,表示如果不做到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。 并列句的特点是:并列句必须由两个或两个以上的主语、谓语结构组成,并且它们之间互不依从,通常它们之间由并列连词连接,去掉连词后它们都可以独立成句。如果一个主语有两个或两个以上的谓语动词;或者有两个或两个以上的主语,却只有一个谓语动词不是并列句。例如: He close
28、d the window, put on his coat, opened the door and went out.他关上窗户,穿上大衣,打开门出去了。Jim , Tom and I are in the same class. 我和吉姆、汤姆在同一个班。 巩固练习: 1. Be careful, _ you will fall off the tree. a. so b. or c. but d. and 2. Never give up, _ youll make it. a. and b. but c. or d. yet 3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lu
29、cy likes playing basketball,_ Lily doesnt. a. and b. as c. but d. or 4. Mr Brown knows little Japanese, _ he cant understand the instructions(用法说明)on the bottle of the pills. a. so b. or c. but d. for 5. My uncle doesnt have much money, _ he always enjoys himself. a. but b. so c. and d. or 介词 for 的用法小结1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学
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