学而思新概念语法整理1.docx

1、学而思新概念语法整理1语法一:人称代词 人称 代词第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 人称代词主格I weyou you heshe itthey宾格me us youyouhimher itthem句型转化（Be动词做谓语）肯定句：主语+be动词否定句：主语+be动词+not一般疑问句：be动词+主语?物主代词I weyou you heshe ittheymyouryouryourhisheritstheir特殊疑问句：What colour is? Its red.What nationality are you? Im Chinese. Where are y

2、ou from? Im from China.Where do you come from? I come from China.Whose bag is it? Its my bag. Whats your job? Im a mechanic.Whats the weather like？ Its sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.Whats the climate like? Its pleasant/warm/wet/dry. 语法二：一、不可数名词定义：“抽刀断水水更流”（难以分开的一个整体，不可分割的事物）。特点：1、前面无a/an，后无s；2、表达复数用量词修饰，

3、量词可数；Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some和any用法相同点：表示一些，后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词不同点：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any；any用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法One指代可数名词单数Ones指代可数名词复数Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型1、Do you like？Yes, I do.Yes, I do. But I dont wantNo, I

4、 dont.2、Do you want?Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I dont like.五.名词复数特殊变化规则：可数名词的不规则复数变化woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen 国人变化：中日两瑞永不变, 英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S加后边.Japanese -Japanes；Englishman-Englishmen ； ChineseChinese；Germ

5、anGermans ； AmericanAmericans语法三一、介词in 在.里on 在.上under 在.下面beside 在.旁边between 在两者中间among 三者或以上中间over 在.上（无接触面的垂直上方；从一端到另一端）above 在.上（无接触面的上方，不一定垂直）across 横穿、穿过（强调从表面越过）through 穿过（强调从中间穿过） along 沿着二、There be句型与have got句型1.There be句型：定义：某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。句型结构：肯定句：There is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are+复数可

6、数名词+地点 否定句（be动词后加not）： There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点 There are not+复数可数名词+地点疑问句（be动词提前）： Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点？ Are there +复数可数名词+地点？特点：“就近原则2.have got句型：定义：它表示某物归某人（某物）所有，是一种所属关系。句型结构：否定句：在have或has后加not,缩写为havent或hasnt. 疑问句：把have或has提前特点：主语为第三人称单数时，have要变成has。语法三：小升初小练兵1.There is a bridge _ the

7、river. A. over B. on C. above D. below 2.They spent about ten days to go _the big desert（沙漠）. A.across B. through C. over D. along3.用there be或have got填空：1) I_ a good father and a good mother.2) _ any books in the bookcase?3) _ a picture and a clock on the wall.4) She _ some dresses.5) What does Mike

8、 _?语法四一般现在时一般现在时用法（1）表示经常性，习惯性,永久性的动作。 often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，everyday每天，sometimes 有时（2）表示事物的状态或特征 There is a scar on his forehead.（3）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注：只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则：1.多数在动词后s （1）直接在动词词尾加-

9、s. play plays like likes stay-stays ask-asks work-works get-gets （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变化： be- is have-has一般现在时的句子转换：陈述句（肯定句）：主语加动词原形/动词第三人称

10、单数； ( 主语 + do/does.)一般疑问句：在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she, he, it）变成问句； （Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形.）否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I, you,以及复数), doesnt（单数she, he, it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 （主语 + dont/doesnt + 动词原形.）例：肯定句: I like grapes.否定句: I dont like grapes. 一般疑问句: Do you like grapes? 肯定句：She gets up early ever

11、y morning.否定句She doesnt get up early every morning.一般疑问句Does she get up early every morning?语法五 现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的含义 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二、现在进行时各种句式的结构肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are having a class. He is painting. She is playing.否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing E.g.We are not ha

12、ving a class. He is not painting. She is not playing.疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.ing E.g.Are you having a class？ Is he painting？ Is she playing？三、动词变化规则（1）“直” ： 一般情况下，直接加ing， 如：do-doing， cook-cooking， stand-standing （2） “去” ：以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing， 如：come-coming，dance-dancing（3） “双” ：重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing， 如：

13、run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming, forget-forgetting 双写规则：1、重读在词尾； 2、闭音节（短音节）； 3、单辅音字母（在一般情况下，如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音，就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking等。）（4）“ 改”： 改ie为y，加ing 如： die-dying lie-lying 语法五 小升初小练笔一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_write_ ski_ read_ hav

14、e_ sing_ dance_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look ！They _( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleanin

15、g the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _语法六：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。注意：发生在过去时间的动作，并已经结束。 am/is-was一、be 动词 arewere1、句式结构：肯定句：主语 + was/were + We were very tired yesterday.我们昨天很累。否定句：主语 + wasnt/werent + I wasnt at home ye

16、sterday.我昨天不在家。一般疑问句：-Was/were + 主语 +? -Yes,主语 + was/were. -No, 主语 + wasnt/werent.2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较（例子见下表)： 一般现在时every- 一般过去时yesterday She goes to school everyday,But yesterday morning she went shopping.She plays football every afternoon,But yesterday afternoon she played basketball.She chats with(和。聊

17、天) her friends every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行为动词1、句子构成。肯定句： 主语 + 动词的过去式 +. I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。否定句： 主语 + did not (didnt) + 动词原形 + . I didnt go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。一般疑问句：-Did + 主语 动词原形 .？ -Yes, 主语 + did. -No, 主语 + did no

18、t(didnt) -Did you buy a book last Monday? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + .？ 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -When did you go to the zoo? -I went to the zoo yesterday. 2、动词过去式变形 ：1） “直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。 如：look-looked; work-worked; play-played2） “去 ”以不发

19、音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。 如：live-lived; move-moved 3）“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 如：stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）“改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。 如：study-studied; carry-carried5）“特“ 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 am/iswas arewere have/hashad do/doesdid cancould willwould shallshould swimswam singsang ringrang sit

20、sat comecame givegave runran drinkdrank becomebecame beginbegan buybought bringbroughtcatchcaught thinkthought teachtaught sendsent buildbuilt gowent spendspent loselost lendlent meanmenat sweepswept feelfelt learnlearnt/learned smellsmelt sleepslept putput cutcut hithit readread hurthurt letlet bea

21、tbeatcostcost writewrote riderode riserose winwon drivedrove speakspoke getgot forgetforgot choosechose sellsold wakewoke breakbroke3、标志词 yesterday系列yesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday eveningago 系列a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; s

22、ix years agothis 系列this month; this weeklast 系列last month; last yearthe.before lastthe week before last; the month before last语法六小升初练习题一、请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watc

23、h) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. 二、改写句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup?语法七一般将来时1.will 含义：将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时