电路专业术语分析解析.docx

1、电路专业术语分析解析Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits”电路电流电荷电压电位电位差电动势功率能量电阻电导电感电容electrical circuitcurrentelectric chargevoltagepotentialpotential differenceelectromotive forcepowerenergyresistor / resistanceconductor / conductanceinductor / induc

2、tancecapacitor / capacitance欧姆定律Ohms Law广义欧姆定律参考方向电压极性正极负极generalized Ohm s Lawreference directionvoltage polaritypositive polaritynegative polarity理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage so

3、urce(VCVS)压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS)流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS)流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点 node支路 branch回路 loop基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律闭合面Kirchhoff s Voltage Law(KVL)closed boundary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件

4、lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻

5、equivalent resistanceY-变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵行列参考节点平面电路方程消去法matrixrowcolumnreference nodeplanar circ

6、uitequationelimination technique克莱姆法则代入法运算放大器同向输入端反向输入端输出端等效电路模型开环放大倍数闭环放大倍数入端电阻输出电阻线性工作区正向饱和区反向饱和区同向放大Cramers rulesubstitution methodoperational amplifier(op amp)noninverting inputinverting inputoutputequivalent circuit modelopen-loop gainclosed-loop gaininput resistanceoutput resistancelinear regi

7、onpositive saturationnegative saturationnoninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理输入 /激励输出 /响应线性电路代数和替代定理superposition principleinput / excitationoutput / responselinear circuitalgebraic

8、sumsubstitution principle戴维南定理Thevenin s Theorem诺顿定理二端网络开路电压短路电流特勒根定理Norton s Theoremtwo-terminal circuitopen-circuit voltageshort-circuit currentTellegen Theorem功率平衡定理互易定理对偶原理对偶元件Power-balancing Theoremreciprocal theoremprinciple of dualitydual element对偶图 dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非线性电路非

9、线性元件压控电阻流控电阻静态电阻动态电阻小信号分析小信号模型分段线性化法数值解法nonlinear circuitnonlinear elementvoltage-controlled resistorcurrent-controlled resistorstatic resistancedynamic resistancesmall-signal analysissmall-signal modalpiece-wise linear mthodnumerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方

10、程first-order differential equation过渡过程transient process储能元件energy storage element线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit单位阶跃函数unit step function单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件 initial condition起始值 initial value零输入响应 zero-input response零状态响应 zero-state response稳态响应 steady-state re

11、sponse暂态响应 transient response时间常数 time constant指数函数 exponential function阶跃响应 step response冲激响应 impulse response自由响应 natural response强迫响应 forced response全响应 complete response稳态值 final value卷积积分 convolution integration时域延迟 time delay换路 switching跳变现象 jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间 pulse duration脉冲重复周期 repeating

12、 period of pulse时域 time domainChapter 7 Second-order Circuit二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系

13、数damping factor谐振角频率resonant frequency /undampednaturalfrequency过阻尼情况overdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有振荡角频率damping frequency/ dampednaturalfrequency衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-

14、State Analysis幅值相位相位差角频率周期频率正弦余弦初相角瞬时值最大值有效值amplitude / magnitudephasephase differenceangular frequencyperiodcyclic frequencysinusoidalcosineinitial phase angleinstantaneous valuemaximumeffective valueroot-mean-square valueu 领先 iu leads i byu 落后 iu lags i by同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部

15、直角坐标形式极坐标形式指数形式相量参考相量电压三角形瞬时功率平均功率阻抗导纳电抗电纳感性容性imaginary partrectangular formpolar formexponential formphasorreference phasorvoltage triangleinstantaneous poweraverage powerimpedanceadmittancereactancesusceptanceinductivecapacitive正弦稳态响应 sinusoidal steady-state response时域相量域视在功率功率因数复功率功率三角形time-domai

16、nphasor-domainapparent powerpower factor (pf)complex powerpower triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理阻抗匹配Theorem of conservation of powerimpedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合互感自感磁通互感电压线圈铁心

17、线圈匝数耦合系数变压器couplemutual inductanceself-inductancemagnetic fluxmutual / induced voltagecoilcoil with iron coreturncoupling coefficienttransformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗 reflected impendence理想变压 器 ideal transformer全耦合变压器 unity-coupled transfo

18、rmer变比 turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器 auto-transformer多绕组变压器 multiple-winding transformer右螺旋定则 right-handed screw rule同名端 dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity漏感 leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振 series resonance并联谐振 parallel resonance谐振频率 resonant frequency特性阻抗 chara

19、cteristic impedance品质因数 quality factor频率响应 frequency response选择性 selectivity选频特性 frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response复频率 complex frequency网络函数转移函数多项式极点零点波特图分贝增益对数半对数转折频率截止频率带宽无源滤波器有源滤波器低通滤波器高通滤波器带通滤波器带阻滤波器network functiontransfer functionpolynomialpolezeroBode plotdecibelg

20、ainlogarithmsemilogcorner / break frequencycut-off frequencybandwidthpassive filteractive filterlow-pass filterhigh-pass filterband-pass filterband-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源 balanced three-phase sources对称三相电路 symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中

21、性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Four

22、ier series指数形式的付里叶级数付里叶系数exponential Fourier seriesFourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理 Parseval s theoremChapter

23、14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付里叶变换 Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换 Laplace transformation原函数 original function象函数 transform function积分变换 integral transformation频域 frequency domain幅度谱 amplitude spectrum相位谱 phase spectrum矩形脉冲 rectangular pulse线性性质 linearity时域微分 time differentiation

24、时域积分 time integration时域平移 time shift频域平移 frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口网络two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripoleZ 参数impedance parametersY 参数admittance parametersH 参数Hybrid parametersT 参数Transmission parameters