1、牛津英语8aunit1unit2知识点及语法整理Unit 1 FriendsHave sth to drink 喝些什么 “ to drink ” 动词不定式修饰不定代词需后置Something, anything, nothing, everything 做主语时,动词用单数形式Is there something wrong with the computer? 这车子出毛病了吧?Nothing= not anythingNot everything 并非一切都 (部分否定)Everything that glitters is not gold. 发光的并非都是金子。What about
2、 +n/doing=how about 。怎么样?。好不好?Can I have some more food? 我可以再吃点食物吗? 更多的,额外的 more 置于数词或 any,some, no, a little, a few, many, much, a lotKeep secrets 保密Else 形容词 修饰不定代词 something 、anything 等,疑问代词 which, who, what 和疑问副词 where, when. Else 需后置Make sb/sth +adj 使某人 / 某物变得怎样? Make our teachers angry?Make sb/
3、sth+n. 使某人 / 某物成为。 make him our monitor 选他当班长Make sb +不带 to 动词不定式 “让或迫使某人做某事”Talk to sb 对 / 找某人说话 常指 上级对下级,长辈对晚辈。Talk with sb 平辈、平级间的谈话Believe oneswords =believe what sb says 相信某人的话Believe oneseyes/ears 相信某人看到或听到的东西是真的Believe in 信任、信仰 表示信赖某人的品质,信仰真理、宗教Tell lies 说谎Asas“和。一样”中间用 a./adv.的原级, 表示两者的比较程度一
4、样Not as.as不及、不如。 。那样。Be willing to do sth愿意做某事Help sb with their problems帮助某人解决他们的问题Sharewith /between/among sb 与。分享、分担。 。Share n. (应得或应分担的 )一份;份额 He did his share of the work.他完成了他的那份工作。Ready 准备好了的;乐意的be ready to do sth= be willing to do sth愿意、乐意做某事。Be ready for 为。做好准备,强调状态。Get ready for 准备做。强调准备的动
5、作Help sb with sth=help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事Have/take a seat=sit down坐下Take ones seat 就座;坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务In need 有需求的,处于需要状态中的。做后置定语 in great need急需,很需要A friend in need is a friend in deed. 患难之交才是真朋友。Sb is in need of sth某人需要某物A friend named Max过去分词作后置定语, “叫做。的” 近义词、短语: called/ with thename of/by the
6、name ofAlmost 副词,几乎差不多 可用于“ all/every/always ”或动词前,不能与“ not ”连用,但可与 no/none/nothing/never连用。 He knows almost nothing. 他几乎什么都不懂。However 副词(兼连词作用) “无论;不管” However hard it may be, do your best. 无论有多困难,都要尽力去做Have a poor eyesight 视力很差Too many; too much;much too 太 much too hot太热了wear 梳着某种发型;留着(某种胡须);带着(某种
7、表情)wear one s hair up 把头发梳起来wear a smile面带微笑dress 穿、戴宾语是人dress sb in+ 衣服 dress oneselfput on穿戴 侧重动作in 介词 常 +表示颜色的词in red 穿着红色的衣服have a sense of humor 幽默感sense v. 觉察到,意识到,了解bored感到厌倦的feel boredboring令人厌烦的,无聊的bore vt使厌烦,使枯燥乏味bore sb to death 让。厌烦死了funny; rainy; cloudy; windy; snowy; sunnyuseful; helpf
8、ul; careful; hopeful; wonderful;comfortable; reasonable; terriblemusical; physicaldangerousfriendly; lovelyuseless; homeless; helpless(没有帮助的,无效的) ;carelessfit 不及物 “合适,合身 ” Your clothes fit well.及物动词“使。合适;安装上”fit the door with a lock给门装上了一把锁Knock 不及物动词Knock sth off将某物从。处碰掉Knock over 撞翻、碰到Knock on/at敲
9、门Knock about连敲;漂泊,漫游Knock n. 敲打声Think of 想起;想出;有意; they are thinking of /about the book.他们有意移居香港。认为。怎么样; what do you think of /about the book?你觉得这本书怎么样?Think over 仔细考虑Say a bad word about sb= speak ill of sb说某人的坏话Word 表“消息、音讯” ,用单数,前面不加冠词Word came into her ears at last. 消息最终传到了她的耳朵里。Word 表“诺言;保证” ,也
10、仅用单数。 Keep ones word 信守诺言Vote for 投票赞成vote against 投票反对Has straight, shoulder-length hair 齐肩直发outdoor activities 户外运动make friends with sb和某人交朋友try one sbest to do =try to do=do one sbest to do尽力做某事in the future在(较远的)将来in the future从今以后,在不远的将来in the past在过去at present在当前,现在it is +a.+to do sthit 是形式主语a
11、gree with sb同意某人的观点agree to sth 赞成某件事同意某人做某事用 agree +that 从句Agree on sth 在某方面意见一致What she like? 用来问某人的品质或外貌长相他是怎样一个人?What ssb? =whats sbs job? 某人做什么工作?What does sb look like? 某人长什么样?Have some problems with 在某方面有些困难Have some problems (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难Hope to do sth希望做某事Wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事
12、The result exceeds my wildest hopes. 结果比我希望的好。Wish+从句 用虚拟语气Advice 不可数 建议 a piece of adviceGive advice提出建议Ask for ones advice= ask advice of sb 征求某人的建议Take ones advice= follow one sadvice on sth 采纳或听取某人的忠告Do sth by/on one sadvice 按某人的嘱咐做某事Ponytail 马尾辫Both and +复数Either or 和 neither nor既不。也不。Like to d
13、o sth表示特指的某个具体行为he doesntlike to sleep now.他现在不想睡觉Like doing sth表示习惯性的,经常性的动作。Grammar1、系动词 +形容词Be; become; feel; get变得 ; grow; keep保持;look看起来;seem; smell; sound; taste; turn变得2、comparatives and superlatives a.+er than shorter than比较级和最高级more +adj. thanmore interesting thanthe a.+estthe tallestthe mo
14、st+a.the most expensive3、多个形容词修饰名词限定词 +品质(新、旧) +形状(大小) +颜色 +国籍 +n.A pair of new small red Chinese shoes4、形容词做宾语补足语Make, let, think, feel, find, hear, see, watchI think the work very difficult.5、形容词最高级需 +the, 但下列情况除外1)最高级做表语,无一定范围或同类事物进行比较,只用来与自身比较The river is deepest at this point. 这条河此处最深。2)最高级用来加强
15、语气, “非常,极其” ,此情况用不定冠词。He is a most learned man. 他是一个学识非常渊博的人。3)最高级可用物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格作定语。Amysgreatest wish is to be a singer.4)两个最高级,后一个省略 theJohn is the youngest but tallest boy in the class.5、 farther /furtherFarther 距离Further 时间、数量、程度Unit2 School life表示建议的句型: why don tyou= why notWhat/how aboutWhat
16、 s.like? 怎么样?What sthe weather like today? What sthe girl like?Like 和 alike 像 like 用在名词或代词前Alike 只能用在联系动词之后,后不接名词或代词Your school bag is like mine.Your school bag and mine are alike.Every bean has its black. 凡人都有缺点。No cross no crown. 吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。Mixed ( 男女 )混合的 Mix v.混合,搅拌 mixture 混合物They have mixed f
17、eelings of sorrow and happiness. 他们悲喜交加。Mix with sb 与。往来Learn 和 study1) 学习语言时,可以通用。2) Learn 初级阶段的学习,强调从头学起。Study 较高程度的学习或研究, 强调学习的过程, 后接名词作宾语, 不可接动词不定式。“疑问词 +动词不定式” 结构,在句中作宾语。 如:what to do 。动词结构: know, tell, ask, decide,learn, find out 后可接这个结构 .By oneself 单独地,独自地To oneself 独自享用For oneself 亲自,为自己We s
18、hould find it out for /by ourselves. 我们必须亲自查明此事。Brig in 提出某个问题、观点;带来、请来某人;赚取(His job brings him in 50 yuan a day. 他每天工作可赚 50 元 )Bring up 教育、抚养bring her up to be a teacher把她抚养成为一名老师Bring about 造成Make a living 谋生Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。Practice doing sth/sth 练习Have a great time talking交谈得很开心。Have
19、a .time +doing sth 做某事很。Healthy and tasty meals健康可口的食物thBe in 9 grade 上九年级Have +一段时间 +off 有。时间的假期Take off 脱掉Each 和 every 的区别Each 强调个体概念;every 强调整体概念两个或两个以上的人或物中的每一个三个或三个以上的人或物的每一个可做形容词、副词或代词只做形容词,且不可单独使用可做状语不可做状语有“每隔”之意( every other line每隔一行)Each 和 not 连用,表示完全否定every 和 not 表示部分否定Each man cannot do i
20、t. 没人能做这件事。Every man cannot do it 并不是每个人能做这件事Be able to, can 有能力做某事但 Can 有“请求”的意思,表示婉转的请求,可以用couldIn a few bites 几口Finish, endFinish 做完某事,或使某项工作更完美End 该事到此为止,不再进行或延续,与begin 相反,但不一定完成。End the meeting without any decisions没做出任何决定就结束了会议Onethe other (两者)一个。 。另一个。Other, another, the other, the othersOthe
21、r 形容词或代词, “别的,其他的” 。作形容词,后加名词或代词。做代词,复数形式others.Some other time 其他时间Another 另一个。一般用于三者或三者以上,或确定数量中的另一个。I don tlike this one. Please give me another.The other侧重于剩下的。用于两者之间。Some the othersHave half an hour of homework 半小时的家庭作业Paper clip 回形针Grammar比较级More than, fewer than 用于可数名词More than, lessthan 用于不可
22、数名词最高级 the most, the least, the fewestScore the fewest points得分最少The same as 相似度大于similar( 相似 )Different from“不同,有区别 ”Unit2 A day outNeed to do sth 需要做某事Need 还可作情态动词或名词。做情态。时,在否定句或疑问句中都无第三人称单数形式,后接不带 to的动词不定式。Exercisevi/vt ,“训练;锻炼 ”。作可数名词时, “练习、训练”Maths exercises s 数学练习 。作不可数名词时“锻炼,运动” 。Take exercis
23、e 锻炼Enjoy oneself= have a good timeTake a boat trip 坐船旅行trip 常指短途旅行Be on a trip , go on a trip在旅行Travel; tour; journey; trip的区别Travel 最常用的词。Tour 观光旅行,或作考察的长途旅行;Journey 指陆地上的长途旅行Trip 短途旅行 (商务、观光)By 1)通过 / 借助于。(方式) by heart用心 2)不迟于 by 8 oclock8 点之前 3)在附近;在一旁;经过put by将。储存在一旁By, beside, nearBy 表示在周围的任何一
24、边;beside 表在左边或右边; near 距离上的靠近, 没有在 “哪一边”的意思。Harbor Bridge 港湾大桥The Opera House 歌剧院The Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔Invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事Join, join in, take part in的区别Join +政党、组织、团体Join in +活动, work, match, game, talk“参加正在进行的活动”Take part in +会议、聚会、事业、战争A good beginning is half done.
25、良好的开端是成功的一半。Get on 上车( bus, bike, train, plane, ship ) 反义词 get offGet in/into 上车( cartaxi ) 反义词 get out ofWe are bored with her boring talk. 我们对她令人乏味的报告感到厌烦。Surprising, interesting, exciting, movingFeel sick 觉得恶心;想呕吐;感到不舒服Be sick of 对。讨厌ill 作定语,表示“坏的”arrive at到达比较小的地点。arrive in到达比较大的地点(国家、城市)be made
26、 of 强调可以看出原材料,即经过了物理变化。Be made from 强调看不到原材料,通常指经过化学变化,产出新的物质。Be made by +制造者Be made in+地点Not any more, no more 不再,再也不。 。(指动作或状态不再延续以及数量不再增加)Not any longer, no longer (动作不再延续)All 与定冠词 the 连用时, the 后置 all the studentsBefore, in front of表“当着某人的面”时,都可使用Before 一般指“在(时间)之前” ,in front of 在(方位)的前面Places of
27、 interest 名胜,旅游胜地 interest 是不可数名词“令人感兴趣事、人,兴趣” Teach oneself 自学双宾语 teach, ask, show, give, pass, lend, buy, draw, cook(for)teach sb sth.Teach sth to sb.From one place to another=from place to place 从一个地方到另一个地方From beginning to end 从始至终The Monument to the People sHeroes人民英雄纪念碑The monumentto 某人的纪念碑to 为介词 the key tothe door,the answer to theexerciseFeel 及物动词+n 作宾语 feel the beauty of 感受。的美The song and dance parade 歌舞游行He put his photos on it for everyone to look at .Grammar1、And, but, or1)在否定句中, or 意为“和” He doesn
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