初中英语零基础知识点.docx

1、初中英语零基础知识点零基础英语道勤文化学校 编写第一章 词类及基本句型 一、词类名词：表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称 动词：表示动作或状态（及物动词和不及物动词） 形容词：修饰名词、代词。“的” 副词：修饰动词、形容词。“地”二、基本句型基本句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）基本句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语基本句型四：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语基本句型六：There be 句型三、练习判断下列句子属于那种句型1. He made the boy laugh.2. Toms mother sounded worrie

2、d.3. My father often reads newspaper after supper.4. We gave them some money.5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.6. All of us considered him honest.7. Classes begin at eight every day.8. The report sounds interesting. 9. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 10. The pain made him cry out. 11

3、. You should study hard. 12. Her job is to look after the children in the hospital. 13. They push the door open.第二章 名词一、名词的分类及数（1）名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 专有名词 表人、地方、机构、事物、组织的专用名称（2）名词变复数的规则（3）特殊的名词变复数单数复数意义单数复数意义footfeet脚；英尺knifeknives刀toothteeth牙齿womanwomen妇女childchildren孩子oxoxen牛basisbases基础phenomenonp

4、henomena现象（4）单复数相同 fish chicken fruit deer sheep means(方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese works（工厂）crossroads（十字路口）head（牲畜数量“头”）（5）名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数cattle 牛（总称）、people 人民、police 警察、staff 全体员工（6）学科类名词，形式上是复数，意义上是单数politics 政治； physics 物理； maths 数学（7）不可数名词常见易错：advice建议; furniture家具; equipment设备；fun乐趣；infor

5、mation信息；paper纸；work工作；progress进步；traffic交通；housework家务劳动；wealth财富。（8）有些名词既可做可数又可做不可数名词可数不可数名词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃danger危险人物危险room房间空间time次数倍数时间work工厂工程工作life生命生活二. 名词所有格（1）有生命的在词尾加“s”；无生命的用“of +名词”（2）双重所有格构成 a/an/this/that + 名词 + of +名词性物主代词/名词所有格 注意:of 前的名词一定要有a/an/this/that等限定词 of前的名词不能是专有名词 of 后的名词必须

6、是特定的指认的名词 如：these books of my friends a friend of my fathers a friend of mine三、练习1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would

7、 you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers5. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens6. He is old , but he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much

8、 worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks7. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps8. Yesterday I went to the market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats13.Please remember to give the horse some tree _. A leafs B leaves C lea

9、f D leave14.The son asked his mother to buy _ glasses for him.A a type of B a pile of C a piece of D a pair of15.There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A cup B piece C box D pair16.- What do you think of the _ there? - They are very delicious.A cakes B meat C rice D milk9. Today is September 10th.

10、Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A Teachers B Teachers C the Teachers D Teachers10.-Wheres your father? - At _.A Mr Greens B Mr Green C the Mr Greens D Mr Greens11. He found two _ in the room.A photos B heros C tomatos D potatos12.This table is made of _.A many glass B glasse

11、s C some glasses D glass第三章 一般时态一、一般现在时用法：表示经常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状态；客观真理构成：主语+be动词（am、is、are）+表语 主语（单三）+动词实义动词（s/es）时间状语：often、usually、every（day、week、month）二、一般过去时用法：表示过去技经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态构成：主语+be动词（was、were）+表语 主语+动词过去式时间状语：yesterday、at that time、last（week、month、year）三、一般将来时用法：表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情构成：主语+will/sha

12、ll（第一人称）+动词原形 表示未经事先思考的意图，表明说话者的观点、主观意识 主语+be going to+动词原形 表示已经决定或安排要做的事，客观迹象表明必然或可能发生的事，表示自然现象 主语+be to+动词原形 表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务必须去做或即将发生的动作 主语+ be about to+动词原形（常与when连用）表示主观要做的事，常与when连用四、时态练习题1.-Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. -But she _ me shed love to.A tells B told C will tell D is goi

13、ng to tell2. If I find his telephone number，I _ you. A tell B told C is telling D will tell 3.Jim _ to work in his home after he graduated from university.A goes B went C will go D have gone4.Keep practicing and you _ your English. A improve B will improve C improving D improves5.-When _ Jim _ to Ne

14、w York? -Yesterday A does; get B did; get C will; get D has; got6.Teacher told us the earth _ around the sun. A travelled B travels C will travel D travelling7. -Ann is in hospital. - I _ , I _ her.A didnt know; will see B knows; will see C knows ; sees D didnt know; saw第四章 代词一、人称代词的用法1.人称代词的人称、数和格。

15、 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。如：I like table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。 如：-Whos is knocking at the door? -Its me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem二、物主代词的用法1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词

16、。2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.注意：名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作宾语）数人称形容词性物主代

17、词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs练习题：1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she)

18、 . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf ? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _ (you)? -Mine? Oh,

19、 two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三、反身代词的用法 英语中用来表示“自己”，等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。It doesnt matt

20、erIll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes=I washed the clothes myself. （作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）I - myself 我自己 you - yourself 你自己he - himself 他自己 she - herself 她自己it - itself 它自己 we - ourselves 我们自己you - yourselves

21、你们自己 they - themselves 他们自己常用短语1. by oneself 单独的；独自的 2. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快3. help oneself to 自用 4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服5. say to oneself 自言自语 6. teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学四、指示代词的用法 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1.this和these指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人， that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例:This is a pen and that i

22、s a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物， this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物例:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; Pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替例:Television sets made i

23、n Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?五、疑问代词的用法 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。Who is going to come here tomorrow?（作主语） What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are

24、 you waiting for? (作宾语)六、不定代词的用法不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有：some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。七、相互代词的用法表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should lear

25、n from each other / one another. （宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another? （宾语）We often borrow each others / one anothers books. 定语The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）八、练习题1 These are books. Yours are over there. A I B my C me D mine 2 is she?

26、 She is a teacher. A What B How C Who D Where 3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped. A Something, working B Something, to work C Any thing, working D Anything, to work 4 Mary, help to the bananas, please. A you B your C yourself D yourselves 5 do you go to school every day? By bus. A How B Why C

27、When D Where 6 My skirt is popular than. A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only. A few B a few C little D a little8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of. A I B me C my D mine 9 “ do you hear from your parents?” “About once a month.” A How long B How many C Ho

28、w often D How much 10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting. A everything B nothing C anything D something11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.” “Good idea!” A anything nice B nice anything C something nice D nice something12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont m

29、ind. time is OK. A Some B Neither C Either D Both13 This is not her kite,but. A hes B him C he D his 14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon. A No B Many C Those D Two第五章 数词一、分类1.基数词：表示数目多少（1）以下是最基本的基数词，学习者必须牢记：one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), f