高一英语上册语法知识点小结.docx

1、高一英语上册语法知识点小结Tony寒假英语培训定语从句专讲（一）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。（二）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when

2、, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that ha

3、d ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（三）定语从句的简化表达： 1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.说明：以上的定语

4、从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.1 Friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in peoples lives. A. which B. that C. who D

5、. it2 Uncle Li _ I worked three years ago has retired now. A. who B. whom C. with whom D. to whom3 Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his wo A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained4 Teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid t

6、han before. A. who B. that C. which D. whose5 The houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon. A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built6 She has three children, _ is working in Australia. A. who B. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them1. Susan is the very girl

7、_ the good deed. A. whom I think did B. whom I think she did C. who I think did D. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy a train ticket. A. by which B. on which C. with which D. for which3. The book _ he devoted much time is to come out next month. A. where B. which

8、 C. to which D. on which4. The day came finally _ I was given an opportunity to act in the play. A. when B. in that C. which D. in which5. 1. Dont you think the question _ tomorrow is of great importance. A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. to discuss6. Do you know the teacher _ un

9、der the big tree ? A. read B. reads C. reading D. being read【试题答案】1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2. C 定语从句_ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3. C 定语从句_ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote.t

10、o sth.关系词前加介词：to4. A 定语从句_ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5. C 短语_ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6. D 短语_ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被的。7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语

11、修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定”，may / might / can / could表示“可能”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能吗?”，其否定式cant

12、 / couldnt 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。（二）对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：must / may / might +动词原形be+名词/形容词/介词短语 be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. F

13、reda isnt in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news b

14、e true ?（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟

15、语气：表达“本来”，“不然早就”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不该could have done：本来可以neednt have done：本来没必要would like to have done：本来很想would rather not have done: 本来不愿意could / might / have done: 不然早就例句：1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much