1词类名词 形容词 副词 介词 冠词 数词 代词 连词.docx

1、1词类名词 形容词 副词 介词 冠词 数词 代词 连词1、名词1、含义：表示人、事物、地点、团体或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词（Common Nouns）。专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等；普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词（M

2、aterial Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。2、可数名词1）可数名词可以受不定冠词a，an的修饰。This is a book. 这是一本书。Pass me an egg, please. 请递给我一个蛋。2.）可数名词可以受基数词的修饰。There are four pears on the plat

3、e. 盘子上有四个梨。3.）可数名词有复数形式。Who are those women under the tree? 树下那些女人是谁？How many people are there in your family? 你们家有几口人？I dont like pineapples. 我不喜欢菠萝。4）可数名词的单数形式不能独立使用，必须有a，the，my等的修饰。She never wears a hat. 她从不戴帽子。（泛指）Be careful of the dog. 当心那条狗。（特指）Thats her bag. 那是她的提包。5）复数名词可以独立使用，表示泛指。Horses ar

4、e useful animals. 马是有用的动物。（泛指）6）可数名词改成复数形式 （重点）一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives以o结尾，有生命的加es, 无生命的加s. 如：potato-potat

5、oes. zoo-zoos不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如There are 56 peoples in China.以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。wate

6、r(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示，如。a cup of teatwo cups of tea3、不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式，我们也不用不定冠词a/an修饰他们。我们可以用某些量词修饰不可数名词：He gave me some useful advice.They gave us a lot of information.4、名词所有格我们用一个名词加“s”表示所有者：This is my parents house.Those are ladies shoes.But w

7、e use s with other plural nouns:但是其他复数名词后面加“s”表示共同所有：These are mens shoes.Childrens clothes are veryexpensive.名词复数练习题1）.填入所给名词的正确形式1.I have two_ (knife)2.There are many _ here. (box)3.There are many _ on the road. (bus)4.A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5.The _ are playing football now. (child)

8、2）选择填空1.They come from different _A. countryB. countriesC. a countryD. countrys2.How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatosB. tomatoesC. tomatoD. the tomato3.There are some _ in these _.A.knifespencil-boxesB.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-boxD.knivespencils-boxes4.There is no _ in the plate.A.

9、 applesB. orangesC. riceD. eggs5. _are good for our health.A. TomatosB. TomatoesC. Tomato6. I like to eat cake with_.A. cherriesB. cherryC.cherrys7. _ and _ are not friends.A. FoxswolfsB. FoxeswolfsC.Foxeswolves8.Do you want to drink much ?A、a milkB、milkC、milks9.This is room. Its very big.A、Lily and

10、 LucysB、Lilys and LucysC、Lilys and Lucy10. Do you want some for supper?A、a potatoB、potatoesC、potatos11.In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leafB、leafsC、leaves12.My sister has two . One is old，the other is new.A、a watchB、watchsC、watches13.There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are p

11、hotoes B. are photosC. is a photoD. is photos14. Thata artbook.A. anB. aC. theD are15. There two inthe box.A. is watchB. are watchesC. are watchD. is watches3）请用括号中名词的复数形式填空1 Look at those _. (child)2 I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)3 Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)4 In autu

12、mn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)5 He has two _.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)6 Two _ live in this building .( family )4）选择正确的词形1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).4 I dont want (a, an) old cup.5 Gi

13、ve me that (box, boxes), please.5）将以下单复数句进行转换1 This is a knife._2 That is a tomato._3 That child is very good._4 .These are mice._5 Those are children._6)写出下列单词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_

14、 paper_juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_2、数词1、表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。2、基数词1）基数词写法和读法： 345three hundred and forty-five；2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scores of people 指许多人； b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示几十岁； d.

15、表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数； e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.3、序数词 序数词的缩写形式： first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st基数词变序数词口诀：一，二，三，特殊记，词尾各是t , d , d . 四加起th,八去t , 九去e , y 结尾改 ie. ve结尾变为f , five ,twelve 是两兄弟。若是遇到几十几，只变各位就可以。数词的练习题写出下列词的序数词形式。1. one2.two3. six4.five5. nine 6.twelve7.e

16、ight8.twenty-one写出下列单词的基数词形式。1.third 2.fourth 3.tenth4.twentieth 5.nineteenth 6.thirty-first选择题()1. My cousins birthday in on theof October.A. threeB. firstC. the second()2. What date is it today? Itsof April.A. twelfthB. the 12thC. 12th()3. There aredays in a week.A. the sevenB. seventhC. the seven

17、thD. seven()4.Sunday is theday of a week.A. oneB. firstC. second()5. Twenty-eight minus(减)six is.A. the twenty- secondB. twenty-twoC. twenty- second()6. Four plus(加)is twelve.A. sevenB. eightC. nine3、冠词冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而

18、 an 则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。1、不定冠词a,an的用法:1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。I gave him a book yesterday.I am reading an interesting story .2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。A horse is useful to mankind.A bird can fly.3) 不定冠词用在事物的单位前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词前,表示 每一。We often go to school two times

19、a day.I went to the library once a week at least.4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。A boy came to see you a moment ago.I got this tool in a shop.5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。a few 几个 a little 有点She has a few friends in this city.2、定冠词的用法。1）定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。The bag in the desk is mine.Is this the book yo

20、u are looking for?2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight oclock.3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe worldthe winter nightThe sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。I can see

21、 a bird in the sky.4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。The dog is not too danger.The cat is an animal.5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.The wounded were brought to the hospital.He always helps the poor.6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。This is the biggest city in China I

22、have ever visited.I saw a plane coming from the east.7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。The little girl likes to play the violin.They are going to the cinema tonight.8) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。We live near the Yellow River.9) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。The Greens is very kind to us.The Whites like the classic music

23、.3、不用冠词的场合。1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。China is a largest country in the world.I think water is a kind of food, too.2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。Its time for breakfast.What do you have for lunch?3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。Summer is hot and winter is cold here.New Years Day is coming.4)

24、语言的名称前不用冠词。Can you speak English?Its difficult to learn Chinese well.5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.Im going to Chicago by air next week.I go to school on foot .In fact, I dont know him at all.冠词练习题1 When Linda was a chil

25、d， her mother always let her have _ bedA the breakfast inB the breakfast in the C breakfast inD breakfast in the2 Beyond _ stars the astronaut saw nothing but _ spaceA the， 不填 B 不填，theC 不填，不填 D the， the3 Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876A 不填 B aC the D one4 After watching _ TV， she

26、played _ violin for an hourA 不填，不填B the， the C the， 不填D 不填，the5 Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public placesA the， theB 不填，不填C the， 不填 D 不填，the6 Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth centuryA the， 不填B the， the C 不填，theD 不填，不填7 Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morningIs it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhereA a， theB the， theC the， aD a， a8 She is _ newcomer to _