外文文献翻译基于热释电红外传感器的智能家居室内感应定位系统.docx

1、外文文献翻译基于热释电红外传感器的智能家居室内感应定位系统S. Lee et al.: A Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor-based Indoor Location-Aware System for the Smart HomeA Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor-based Indoor Location-Aware Systemfor the Smart HomeSuk Lee, Member, IEEE, Kyoung Nam Ha, Kyung Chang Lee, Member, IEEEAbstract Smart home is

2、 expected to offer variousintelligent services by recognizing residents along with theirlife style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing thesmart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently,the research effort is focused on two approaches:terminal-based and non-terminal-b

3、ased methods. Theterminal -based method employs a type of device that shouldbe carried by the resident while the non-terminal-basedmethod requires no such device. This paper presents a novelnon-terminal-based approach using an array of pyroelectricinfrared sensors (PIR sensors) that can detect resid

4、ents. Thefeasibility of the system is evaluated experimentally on a testbedIndex Terms smart home, location-based service, pyroelectricinfrared sensor (PIR sensor), location-recognition algorithmI. INTRODUCTIONThere is a growing interest in smart home as a way tooffer a convenient, fortable, and saf

5、e residentialenvironment 1, 2. In general, the smart home aims to offerappropriate intelligent services to actively assist in theresidents life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep.Hence, in order to enhance the residents convenience andsafety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia ap

6、pliances,and internet appliances should be connected via ahome network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should becontrolled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) orpersonal digital assistant (PDA) 3, 4.Fig. 1. Architecture of the home network system for smart homeEspecially, attention ha

7、s been focused on location-basedservices as a way to offerhigh-quality intelligent services,while considering human factors such as pattern of living,health, and feelings of a resident 5-7. That is, if the smarthome can recognize the residents pattern of living or health,then home appliances should

8、be able to anticipate theresidents needs and offer appropriate intelligent service moreactively. For example, in a passive service environment, theresident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating,ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smarthome would control the temperature and hum

9、idity of a roomaccording to the residents condition.Various indoor location-aware systems have been developedto recognize the residents location in the smart home orsmart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems havebeen classified into three types according to the measurementtechnology: tr

10、iangulation, scene analysis, and proximitymethods 8. The triangulation method uses multiple distancesfrom multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges9, Active Bats 10, and Easy Living 11, which use infraredsensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively.The scene analysis met

11、hod examines a view from aparticular vantage point. Representative examples of the sceneanalysis method are MotionStar 12, which uses a DCmagnetic tracker, and RADAR 13, which uses IEEE 802.11wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximitymethod measures nearness to a known set of points.

12、Anexample of the proximity method is Smart Floor 14, whichuses pressure sensors.Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can beclassified according to the need for a terminal that should becarried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such asActive Bats, do not recognize the residents locatio

13、n directly,but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident,such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification(RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognizethe residents location if he or she is not carrying the device.In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy

14、Living andSmart Floor can find the residents location without suchdevices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade theresidents privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty withextendibility and maintenance.This paper presents a non-terminal based location-awaresystem that uses an array of py

15、roelectric infrared (PIR)sensors 15, 16. The PIR sensors on the ceiling detect thepresence of a resident and are laid out so that detection areasof adjacent sensors overlap. By bining the outputs ofmultiple PIR sensors, the system is able to locate a residentwith a reasonable degree of accuracy. Thi

16、s system hasinherent advantage of non-terminal based methods whileavoiding privacy and extendibility, maintenance issues. Inorder to demonstrate its efficacy, an experimental test bed hasbeen constructed, and the proposed system has been evaluatedexperimentally under various experimental conditions.

17、This paper is organized into four sections, including thisintroduction. Section II presents the architecture of the PIRsensor-based indoor location-aware system (PILAS), and thelocation-recognition algorithm. Section III describes aresident-detection method using PIR sensors, and evaluatesthe perfor

18、mance of the system under various conditions usingan experimental test bed. Finally, a summary and theconclusions are presented in Section IV.II. ARCHITECTURE OF THE PIR SENSOR-BASED INDOORLOCATION-AWARE SYSTEMA. Framework of the smart homeGiven the indoor environment of the smart home, an indoorloc

19、ation-aware system must satisfy the following requirements.First, the location-aware system should be implemented at arelatively low cost because many sensors have to be installedin rooms of different sizes to detect the resident in the smarthome. Second, sensor installation must be flexible because

20、 theshape of each room is different and there are obstacles such ashome appliances and furniture, which prevent the normaloperation of sensors. The third requirement is that the sensorsfor the location-aware system have to be robust to noise, andshould not be affected by their surroundings. This is

21、becausethe smart home can make use of various wireless municationmethods such as wireless LAN or radio-frequency(RF) systems, which produce electromagnetic noise, or theremay be significant changes in light or temperature that canaffect sensor performance. Finally, it is desirable that thesystems ac

22、curacy is adjustable according to room types.Among many systems that satisfy the requirement, the PIRsensor-based system has not attracted much attention eventhough the system has several advantages. The PIR sensors,which have been used to turn on a light when it detects humanmovement, are less expe

23、nsive than many other sensors. Inaddition, because PIR sensors detect the infrared wavelengthemitted from humans between 9.410.4 m, they arereasonably robust to their surroundings, in terms of temperature,humidity, and electromagnetic noise. Moreover, it ispossible to control the location accuracy o

24、f the system byadjusting the sensing radius of a PIR sensor, and PIR sensorsare easily installed on the ceiling, where they are not affectedby the structure of a room or any obstacles.Figure 2 shows the framework for the PILAS in a smarthome that offers location-based intelligent services to areside

25、nt. Within this framework, various devices areconnected via a home network system, including PIR sensors,room terminals, a smart home server, and home appliances.Here, each room is regarded as a cell, and the appropriatenumber of PIR sensors is installed on the ceiling of each cellto provide suffici

26、ent location accuracy for the location-basedservices. Each PIR sensor attempts to detect the resident at aconstant period, and transmits its sensing information to aroom terminal via the home network system. Fig. 2. Framework of smart home for the PILAS.Consequently,the room terminal recognizes the

27、residents location byintegrating the sensor information received from all of thesensors belonging to one cell, and transmits the residentslocation to the smart home server that controls the homeappliances to offer location-based intelligent services to theresident.Within this framework, the smart ho

28、me server has thefollowing functions. 1) The virtual map generator makes avirtual map of the smart home (generating a virtual map), andwrites the location information of the resident, which isreceived from a room terminal, on the virtual map (writing theresidents location). Then, it makes a moving t

29、rajectory of theresident by connecting the successive locations of the resident(tracking the residents movement). 2) The home appliancecontroller transmits control mands to home appliances via the home network system to provide intelligent services to theresident. 3) The moving pattern predictor sav

30、es the currentmovement trajectory of the resident, the current action ofhome appliances, and parameters reflecting the current homeenvironment such as the time, temperature, humidity, andillumination. After storing sufficient information, it may bepossible to offer human-oriented intelligent service

31、s in whichthe home appliances spontaneously provide services to satisfyhuman needs. For example, if the smart home server “knows”that the resident normally wakes up at 7:00 A.M. and takes ashower, it may be possible to turn on the lamps and somemusic. In addition, the temperature of the shower water

32、 can beset automatically for the resident.B. Location-recognition algorithmIn order to determine the location of a resident within aroom, an array of PIR sensors are used as shown in Fig. 3. Inthe figure, the sensing area of each PIR sensor is shown as acircle, and the sensing areas of two or more sensors overlap.Consequently, when a resident enters one of the sensing areas,the system decides whether he/she belongs to any sensing areaby integrating the sensing information collected from all of thePIR sensors in the room. For example, when a resident entersthe sensing area B, sensors a a