英语同步提高讲义.docx

1、英语同步提高讲义情态动词概念：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dar

2、ed), shall (should), will (would) . 情态动词的位置：情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中， 情态动词放在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! 情态动词的特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动

3、词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 cancan 表示能力、技能、许可、建议、请求和可能性. could比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。 -Could you help me carry the bag?-Yes, I can.may/mightmay/might表示可能，但ma

4、y比might可能性大。- Why isnt he in class? - He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大) He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时.He says we may leave.He said we might leave. may you+动词原形放在句首，意为祝愿；但愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！May you be happy every single day.祝你天天快乐。must/ mustnt must表示必须，应该，没有时态变

5、化。 You must do everything as I do.must表示肯定的推测。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.mustnt 表示禁止做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the office.should/shouldntshould表示应当、应该；You should work hard. should可表示陈述意见，提出建议或请求；He suggested that they should leave at once.should 的否定形式表示禁止之意。 Children shouldnt smoke.

6、should have done/shouldnt have doneshould have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.had better/ had better notYoud better do sth 你最好做某事Youd better buy the book . Youd better not do sth

7、你最好不要做某事Youd better not run in the classroom .题一题面ought to ought to +动词原形。 “应当；应该”如果你想知道如何修理汽车，你应该读这些书。 You _if you want to know_. 你应该把孩子带来。You_ the child here. needneed既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。作情态动词时， 没有数和人称的变化，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，有数的变化和人称的变化，后接带to的不定式。注意：作为情态动词，need一般不能用于肯定句中，仅用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。作为情态动词，need后也不能

8、直接加sth. 如果是need sth，那么这个need一定是实义动词need用于否定句，表“不必”。You neednt worry.你不必担心。 I dont think you need worry.我想你不必担心。用于疑问句，表“需要吗”？Need you go? 你得去吗？-No, I neednt. 不必。-Yes, I must. 是的，我必须去。作为情态动词的need的正确形式。need sb do sth.sb. neednt do sthneed用作实义动词时，要注意始终以实义动词的标准。（正确）Do you need to go there?（错误）Do you need

9、 go there?作为实义动词的need的正确形式。need to do needs to dodont /doesnt /didnt need to do Do/ Does/Did sb need to do sth?题二题面dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 The little girl_. 你敢抓小猫吗? _the little cat? dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用， 用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。_ in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？ He_ the teacher what happened tha

10、t day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。can/be able to表示能够意义的can与be able to的区别。在表示能力时,can与be able to的意义差不多,有时两者可换用,但表示经过努力、设法做成某事时,要用be able to,不可用can。Youll be able to read it before long.With the help of the stick, he was able to swim to the bank.cant与mustnt表示不能意义的cant与mustnt的区别。cant表示“不能”,意指没有能力;mustnt表示不能，意指禁止；不允许。

11、The baby is asleep. You mustnt make any noise.The boy is so tired that he cant walk any further.must/have to表示必须的must与have to的区别。must表示说话人的主观看法；而have to则表示由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事。mustnt意为不可以;不允许；dont have to意为不必。My father had to work when he was ten years old.The play is not interesting. I really

12、 must go now.定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别: 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。when, while, as 的区

13、别when -当时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you.When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。when - 正在的时候，突然。通常主句是进行时或be abo

14、ut to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.when 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.when=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began toprepare her lessons. while -在期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. while -表