oracle常用命令集.docx

1、oracle常用命令集oracle常用命令第一章：日志管理 1.forcing log switches sql alter system switch logfile;2.forcing checkpoints sql alter system checkpoint; 3.adding online redo log groups sql alter database add logfile group 4 sql (/disk3/log4a.rdo,/disk4/log4b.rdo) size 1m; 4.adding online redo log members sql alter d

2、atabase add logfile member sql /disk3/log1b.rdo to group 1, sql /disk4/log2b.rdo to group 2; 5.changes the name of the online redo logfile sql alter database rename file c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log sql to c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log; 6.drop online redo log groups sql alter database drop logf

3、ile group 3; 7.drop online redo log members sql alter database drop logfile member c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log; 8.clearing online redo log files sql alter database clear unarchived logfile c:/oracle/log2a.rdo; 9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = b. sql

4、 execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(oradb.ora,c:oracleoradblog); c. sql execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo01.log, sql dbms_logmnr.new); d. sql execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo02.log, sql dbms_logmnr.addfile); e. sql execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename

5、=c:oracleoradblogoradb.ora); f. sql select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters sql v$logmnr_logs); g. sql execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr; 第二章：表空间管理 1.create tablespaces sql create tablespace tablespace_name datafile c:oracleoradatafile1.dbf size 100m, sql c:oracleoradata

6、file2.dbf size 100m minimum extent 550k logging/nologging sql default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0) sql online/offline permanent/temporary extent_management_clause 2.locally managed tablespace sql create tablespace user_data datafile c:oracleoradatauser_data01.dbf sql

7、 size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 3.temporary tablespace sql create temporary tablespace temp tempfile c:oracleoradatatemp01.dbf sql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 4.change the storage setting sql alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; sql alter tablespa

8、ce app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999); 5.taking tablespace offline or online sql alter tablespace app_data offline; sql alter tablespace app_data online; 6.read_only tablespace sql alter tablespace app_data read only|write; 7.droping tablespace sql drop tablespace app_data i

9、ncluding contents; 8.enableing automatic extension of data files sql alter tablespace app_data add datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data01.dbf size 200m sql autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; 9.change the size of data files manually sql alter database datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf resize 200m; 1

10、0.Moving data files: alter tablespace sql alter tablespace app_data rename datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf sql to c:oracleapp_data.dbf; 11.moving data files:alter database sql alter database rename file c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf sql to c:oracleapp_data.dbf; 第三章：表 1.create a table sql create t

11、able table_name (column datatype,column datatype.) sql tablespace tablespace_name pctfree integer pctused integer sql initrans integer maxtrans integer sql storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) sql logging|nologging cache|nocache 2.copy an existing table sql create table table_

12、name logging|nologging as subquery 3.create temporary table sql create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay; on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows 4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available d

13、ata space) 5.change storage and block utilization parameter sql alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k sql minextents 2 maxextents 100); 6.manually allocating extents sql alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile c:/oracle/data.dbf); 7.move tablespace sql alte

14、r table employee move tablespace users; 8.deallocate of unused space sql alter table table_name deallocate unused keep integer 9.truncate a table sql truncate table table_name; 10.drop a table sql drop table table_name cascade constraints; 11.drop a column sql alter table table_name drop column comm

15、ents cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; alter table table_name drop columns continue; 12.mark a column as unused sql alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoin

16、t 1000 data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs 第四章：索引 1.creating function-based indexes sql create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); 2.create a B-tree index sql create unique index index_name on table_name(column,. asc/desc) tablespace sql tablespace_name pctfree in

17、teger initrans integer maxtrans integer sql logging | nologging nosort storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 sql maxextents 50); 3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows 4.creating reverse key indexes sql create unique index xay_id on xay(a)

18、reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k sql next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 5.create bitmap index sql create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k sql pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 6.change storage parameter of index sql alte

19、r index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); 7.allocating index space sql alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile c:/oracle/index.dbf); 8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused; 第五章：约束 1.define constraints as immediate or deferred sql alter session set constraints = immediate/defer

20、red/default; set constraints constraint_name/all immediate/deferred; 2. sql drop table table_name cascade constraints sql drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints 3. define constraints while create a table sql create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key

21、deferrable sql using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); primary key/unique/references table(column)/check 4.enable constraints sql alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; 5.enable constraints sql alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id; 第六章：LOAD数据 1.loadin

22、g data using direct_load insert sql insert /*+append */ into emp nologging sql select * from emp_old; 2.parallel direct-load insert sql alter session enable parallel dml; sql insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging sql select * from emp_old; 3.using sql*loader sql sqlldr scott/tiger sql cont

23、rol = ulcase6.ctl sql log = ulcase6.log direct=true 第七章：reorganizing data 1.using expoty $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y 2.using import $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y 3.transporting a tablespace sqlalter tablespace

24、 sales_ts read only; $exp sys/. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts triggers=n constraints=n $copy datafile $imp sys/. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 /sles02.dbf) sql alter tablespace sales_ts read write; 4.checking transport set sql DBMS_

25、tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =sales_ts .,incl_constraints=true); 在表transport_set_violations 中查看 sql dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含 第八章： managing password security and resources 1.controlling account lock and password sql alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock; 2.user_provi

26、ded password function sql function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), old_password in varchar2(30) return boolean 3.create a profile : password setting sql create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 sql password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 sqlpassword_reuse

27、_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function sql password_grace_time 5; 4.altering a profile sql alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 sql password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; 5.drop a profile sql drop profile grace_5 cascade; 6.create a profile : resource limit sql create prof

28、ile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 sql cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; 7. view = resource_cost : alter resource cost dba_Users,dba_profiles 8. enable resource limits sql alter system set resource_limit=true; 第九章：Managing users 1.create a user: database authentication s

29、ql create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users sql temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire sql account lock|unlock profile profilename|default; 2.change user quota on tablespace sql alter user juncky quota 0 on users; 3.drop a user sql drop user juncky cascad

30、e; 4. monitor user view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas第十章：managing privileges 1.system privileges: view = system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs 2.grant system privilege sql grant create session,create table to managers; sql grant create session to scott with admin option; with admin option c

31、an grant or revoke privilege from any user or role; 3.sysdba and sysoper privileges: sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile, alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database alter database archivelog,restricted session sysdba: sysoper privileges with adm