高中英语教材内容全解新人教版必修5.docx

1、高中英语教材内容全解新人教版必修5内容全解话题素材伟大的科学家好词1.observe vt. 观察2.creative adj. 富有创造力的3.inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励4.determination n. 决心5.research vt. 研究6.be curious about 对好奇7.in search_ of 寻找8.apply.to. 把运用于9.be honored as 被誉为10.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事11.by no means 决不12.give up 放弃13.be devoted to 投身于/致力于14.be cra

2、zy about 对狂热/着迷15.be_active_in 积极从事于佳句1.Science has brought_about many changes in our lives.科学为我们的生活带来很多变化。2.Although he has won_countless_honors,_he never shows_any_signs_of_pride.尽管他获得了无数的荣誉，他却从未有过任何骄傲的迹象。3.Many scientists regard time as the most important thing in life.许多科学家把时间看作是生命中最重要的东西。精美语篇Tu

3、 Youyou, a famous female pharmacologist and scientist, was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on December 30th, 1930. In 1951, she was admitted into Beijing University, majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955. After graduation she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years an

4、d a half and she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1972, she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world, so that she won many big awards. To our excitement

5、 and delight, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 5th, 2015, becoming the first Chinese woman who won the Nobel Prize. We are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research. 高频单词1scientific (adj.) 科学的science (n.) 科学scientist (n.)科学家2conclude

6、(vt.&vi.) 结束；推断出conclusion (n.) 结论；结束3analyse (vt.) 分析analysis (n.) 分析4attend (vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加attendance (n.)出席；参加；到场5expose (vt.) 暴露；揭露；使曝光exposed (adj.) 无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的exposure (n.) 显露；暴露；揭露；曝光6suspect (vt.) 认为；怀疑 (n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion (n.) 怀疑suspicious (adj.)有疑心的7foresee (vt.) 预见；预知foresaw (过去式)fores

7、een (过去分词)8pollute (vt.) 污染；弄脏pollution (n.) 污染polluted (adj.) 被污染了的9announce (vt.) 宣布；通告announcement (n.) 宣布；通知10instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教导instruction (n.) 教育；说明；指导；教训instructive (adj.) 富有教育意义的；启发的11construct (vt.) 建设；修建construction (n.) 建设；建筑物constructor (n.) 建造者；建造商constructive (adj.) 建设性的；积极的12cont

8、ribute (vt. & vi.) 捐献；贡献；捐助contribution (n.) 捐献；贡献；捐助13enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的enthusiasm (n.) 热情14reject (vt.) 拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection (n.) 拒绝；抛弃15characteristic (n.) 特征；特性character (n.) 品质；性格；特点16painter (n.) 画家；油漆匠paint (vt.) 在上刷油漆painting (n.) 绘画；油画 重点短语1put_forward提出2draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3expose._to

9、 使显露；暴露4be_to_blame 应受责备5look_into 调查；研究6link.to. 将和联系或连接起来7apart_from 除之处；此外8be_strict_with. 对严格9make_sense 讲得通；有意义10at_times 有时 热点句型1neither. nor.“既不也不”Neither (既不) its cause nor (也不) its cure was understood.(教材P2)2every time作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_t

10、here_was_an_outbreak (每次暴发霍乱时)(教材P2)3to do 作目的状语/suggest意为“建议”时用虚拟语气，即“shoulddo”，其中should可以省略To_prevent (为防止) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies (should)_be_examined (应被检测)(教材P3)4only状语，句子结构发生倒装Only_if (只有) you put the sun there did the movements

11、 of the other planets in the sky make_sense (说得清楚)(教材P7)5“with宾语宾补”复合结构He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it (行星围绕着它转) and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材P7)6doing 作状语/who引导定语从句The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying (声称) it wa

12、s against Gods idea and people who_supported_it (支持这种想法的人) would be attacked.(教材P7) 巩固训练在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, _ he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.答案：that2But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary

13、 people _ (expose) to cholera.答案：exposed3The water companies _ (instruct) not to expose people to _ (pollute) water any more.答案：were instructed; polluted4He became interested in two theories that possibly explained _ cholera killed people.答案：how5He was _ (determine) to find out why.答案：determined6Fir

14、st he marked on a map the exact places _ all the dead people had lived.答案：where7It seemed that the water was _ (blame)答案：to blame8With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty _ polluted water carried the virus.答案：that9He knew that cholera would never be controlled _ its cau

15、se was found.答案：until10He found that it came from the river _ (pollute) by the dirty water from London.答案：polluted1attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.(P2)约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。归纳拓展att

16、end school/church 上学/去教堂attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/party 参加会议/听演讲/出席婚礼/参加晚会attend on/upon sb. 照顾某人attend to 处理；照料名师点睛attend侧重“参加”之意。attend to作“处理”讲时，与do/deal with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与take care of， look after近义。语境助记2016全国卷I have just found that I have to attend_an_important class meeting that afternoon.

17、我刚发现那天下午我必须参加一个重要的班会。If you had told me beforehand, I would_have_attended your wedding.你如果提前告诉我的话，我就会去参加你的婚礼了。I have an important meeting to attend,_so I cant join you in the discussion.我要出席一个重要的会议，所以我不能加入你们的讨论。The main thing is to attend_to the injured.首要任务是照顾伤者。I may be lateI have got one or two t

18、hings to_attend_to.我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。2exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(P2)但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。归纳拓展expose to 暴露；受到风险expose sth./sb./oneself to. 向 显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己；使某事物/某人/某人自己面临be exposed to 暴露于；接触expose sb. to sth.

19、 使某人接触到某物)语境助记Dont expose your skin to direct sunlight, or youll get burnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。We want to expose our kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化的熏陶。Klaus Von Bulow was_exposed as a liar and a cheat.克劳斯冯布洛被揭露是一个说谎者和骗子。3absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心The second suggested tha

20、t people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(P2)第二种看法是人们在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。归纳拓展(1)absorb/attract/draw ones attention 吸引某人的注意absorb.from. 从中吸收absorb.into. 把吸收进be absorbed by/into 被吞并/吸引(be) absorbed in. 全神贯注于(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的名师点睛表示“全神贯注于”的常见短语还有：be lost in, be buried in, fix/fo

21、cus ones attention on, devote.to, concentrate ones mind on, apply oneself to, be addicted to等。语境助记2016北京高考However, when something did interest me, I could become_absorbed.然而，当某物真的让我感兴趣了，我就能变得很专注。Absorbed_in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in.他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他连头都没有抬。Plants absorb c

22、arbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。Ive just been so busy studying and trying to absorb_all_the_new_things around me.我一直忙于学习，并竭力掌握身边所有的新事物。4blamevt.谴责；责备n过失；责备It seemed that the water was to blame.(P2)看起来水是罪魁祸首。归纳拓展(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人blam

23、e sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人be to_blame (for sth.) (对某事)应承担责任；该受责备(2)accept/bear/take the blame for. 对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame on sb. 把责任推到某人身上名师点睛语境助记2016全国卷I often had crazy dreams in which I was to_blame_for Millers accident.我经常会做恶梦，梦中我应该对米勒的车祸负责。I am ready to take_the_blame_for the mistake.我愿意为这一错误承担

24、责任。She stole the money but shes trying to put_the_blame_on_me.她偷了钱，却想把责任推到我身上。Dont always blame your own failure on others.不要总把你自己的失败归咎于别人。易混辨析blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb. for sth.因某事指责某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做了)某事accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accu

25、se sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做了)某事用blame, charge, accuse的正确形式填空aIt is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.bShe was said to have been charged with drunk driving.cI was told that he was accused of murder.5announce vt.宣布；通告With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty

26、 that polluted water carried the virus. (P3)有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就可以肯定地宣称被污染的水携带病毒。归纳拓展(1)It is announced that. 据宣布/据通知announce sth. to sb./to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事(2)announcement n. 通告；宣告；通知announcer n. 广播员；播音员make an announcement 宣布；通知名师点睛announce后不能跟双宾语结构，如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”应该这样表达：announce sth. to sb.(announce to

27、 sb. sth.)，不能用announce sb. sth.。除了announce外，类似的还有：explain sth. to sb.(explain to sb. sth.) 向某人解释某物；mention sth. to sb.(mention to sb. sth.) 向某人提及某事；report sth. to sb.(report to sb. sth.) 向某人报告某事；retell sth. to sb.(retell to sb. sth.) 向某人复述某事；suggest sth. to sb.(suggest to sb. sth.) 向某人建议某事；admit sth

28、. to sb.(admit to sb. sth.) 向某人承认某事。语境助记At the end of their meeting, it_was_announced_that an agreement had been reached.会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。牛津高阶Has our flight been_announced yet?广播宣布了我们的航班没有？The manager announced_the_decision_to_ the worker.The manager announced to the worker the decision.经理对这个工人宣布了决定。Ma

29、ry announced_to_her_parents_that she was going to run for monitor.玛丽向父母宣布她准备竞选班长。6contribute vt.捐献；贡献；捐助to contribute (P4) 捐献归纳拓展(1)contribute sth. to/towards 向捐献某物contribute to有助于；导致；为作贡献；为捐款；向投稿(2)contribution n. 捐款；捐献；贡献；投送的稿件make a contribution/contributions to 对作出贡献；为捐款名师点睛语境助记2016四川高考Volunteer

30、 or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause.做志愿者或者如果可以的话，给一个事业捐点儿钱。Everyone is willing to contribute_food_and_clothes_to the homeless people.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。Sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness.体育运动主要有助于你的身体健康。Would you like to make_a_contribution_to the hospital building fund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？图解助记contribute一言辨异Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed_to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about it