探析国内交通工程.docx

1、探析国内交通工程探析国内交通工程 摘要本篇文章参照国外交通工程发展动向, 并且针对国内交工程发展的趋势总结了一些看法。In this article refer to foreign development trend of traffic engineering, and according to the trend of the development of the domestic delivery projects summarizes some view. 关键词交通工程 发展趋势 国外动态Keyword traffic engineering dynamic development

2、 trend abroad 1中国交通工程的发展现状1 the development of Chinas transportation engineering status quo 1.1交通流理论研究1.1 research on traffic flow theory 交通流理论是用物理与数学的定理、方法 , 定量地描述交通流特性,是交通工程学的基础理论之一 , 对道路交通系统的规划、设计、管理具有指导作用。国内对交通流理论的研究 , 没有从纯数学、物理学 角度入手,而是结合具体交通 问题开展工作,取得 了一些成果。Traffic flow theory is to use physic

3、al and mathematical theorem, method, quantitatively describe the traffic flow characteristics, is one of the basic theory of traffic engineering, planning, design, management of road traffic system has a guiding role. Domestic research on traffic flow theory, not from the Angle of pure mathematics,

4、physics, but combined with the specific transportation problem, achieved some results. 东南大学用穿插理论研究环形交叉路口的通行能力。同济大学用冲突点法研究十字路一口的通行能力。交通部公路研究所结合路口信号控制,建立了交通平滑离散模型。北京工业大学在研究灯管路口通行能力的过程中,研究了路口直行车队的车辆跟驰模型、路口自行车行驶状态的流体力学模型与通行能力计算公式。近年来,研究了高速公路交通流特性 , 开发了高速公路交通仿真程序。Southeast university with thrust deep int

5、o the theoretical research of roundabout traffic capacity. Tongji university conflict point method is used to study the intersection traffic capacity of a. The ministry of communications highway research institute of intersection signal control, traffic smoothing discrete model is established. Tubes

6、 intersection traffic capacity of the Beijing university of technology in the research process, research the intersection straight fleet of vehicles with chi model, road bicycle driving state of fluid mechanics model and the capacity calculation formula. In recent years, the highway traffic flow cha

7、racteristics, highway traffic simulation program is developed. 1.2交通规划理论与方法的研究1.2 transportation planning theories and methods of research 交通规划是研究在一定土地使用条件下的交通需求与交通供应的平衡关系。我国过去编制交通规划,实际上是拟定道路网规划,且以定性分析为主。自引进 了交通工程学以后 , 编制交通规划 , 名符其实的是拟定包括场站在 内的各种交通方式的综合交通规划,且以大量占有数据的定量分析 为主。自80年代初开始,应用美国50年代提出的UTPS

8、, 先后对天津、徐州、上海、北京等30多个城市进行了大规模居民出行调查,编制交通规划方案。在这个过程中,各地根据实际情况,对模型做某些修改、Transportation planning is to study under the certain condition of land use of traffic demand and traffic supply balance. The past prepare the transportation plan in our country, is actually draw up road net planning, and mainly o

9、n qualitative analysis. Since the introduction of traffic engineering, transportation planning, the veritable is proposed including terminal in various modes of transport in comprehensive transportation planning, and mainly holds the data of quantitative analysis. Application since the early 80 s, t

10、he United States put forward 50 s UTPS, successively in tianjin and xuzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and so on more than 30 cities on a large scale residents trip survey, preparation of traffic planning scheme. Throughout the process, according to the actual situation, the model to do some modification, 标定

11、参数、编写计算程序。值得一提的是东南大学对非平衡交通分配模型做了有益的改进,并提出了动态多通路交通分配模型。北京工业大学对交通预测提出多角度预测理论与方法,提高了中、长期预测的可信度。Calibration parameters, calculation program. Worth mentioning is the unbalanced traffic distribution model of southeast university has made the beneficial improvements, more dynamic channel traffic assignment

12、 model is proposed. Beijing university of technology for traffic forecasting multi-angle prediction theory and method, improve the credibility of the medium and long-term forecast. 与此同时,北京工业大学开辟了交通枢纽规划新领域 , 提出了客运枢纽规划原理与选址方法 货运枢纽规划原理与选址方法。西安公路学院提出了用总量控制法编制公路网规划。At the same time, Beijing university of

13、 technology has opened up a new field transport hub planning, passenger transport hub planning principle and location method is put forward freight hub site selection planning principle and method. Xi an institute of highway with total amount control establishment road network planning are put forwa

14、rd. 1.3道路交通系统安全理论研究1.3 the road traffic system safety theory research 交通安全是涉及人身生命和国民经济损失的重要问题 , 一直受到各部门的重视。北京工业大学交通工程专业 , 自1979年成立以来,把道路交通安全做为自己恒定的研究方向。多年来,他们以人的因素为主体 , 综合分析影响交通安全的道路条件,用路者的条件,车辆条件和交通环境等诸多因素 , 揭示了一些产生交通事故的机理和规律。所见到的成果有 交通安全灰色评价方法道路交通安全模糊综合评价方法 道路交通事故成因分析城市道路交通事故的特性研究危险路段的判定与改善交通工程心理学

15、多角度预测交通事故的方法等。Traffic safety is an important problem involving personal life and national economic losses, has been brought to the attention of the various departments. Beijing industrial university of traffic engineering, since it was founded in 1979, the road traffic safety as their constant resea

16、rch direction. Over the years, they take the human factor as the main body, the comprehensive analysis of influence road traffic safety condition, with the road conditions, traffic conditions and traffic environment, and many other factors, revealed some of the produce mechanism and the regularity o

17、f traffic accidents. The results of the saw traffic safety grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of road traffic safety evaluation method of road traffic accident cause analysis characteristics of the urban road traffic accident research dangerous sections of determination and improve traffic e

18、ngineering method to predict the traffic accident is multiple perspectives of psychology, etc. 1.4交通系统分析与交通管理技术1.4 transportation system analysis and traffic management technology 在交通管理的实践中,逐步形成了使交通渠化、交通 管理需双向控制的思想,并明确提出交通综合治理的口号。渠化是变无序交通为有序交通的一种技术双向控制是指在最大限度地发挥现有交通设施的功能的同时,兼控交通需求,否则交通管理无法奏效交通综合治理是指

19、运用系统工程、交通工程的理论科学地治理交通。在这种思想的指导下,做了如下工作。In traffic management practice, gradually formed the channelized traffic, traffic management need to be two-way control thought, and clearly put forward the slogan of comprehensive control traffic. Traffic channelized traffic is become disorder into order of a

20、two-way control technology refers to the maximum play to the function of the existing traffic facilities, and traffic demand, traffic management wont be able to work the traffic comprehensive governance refers to the use of systems engineering, traffic engineering theory scientifically management tr

21、affic. Under the guidance of this idea, do the following work. 1.自1979年起,在全国公路上建立 了11 262个间隙式交通调查点和183个连续式交通调查站。系统地观测公路交通量、车速、交通组成等数据。在上海、北京、哈尔滨、福州几个城市盯街道上建立交通观测站 , 监测城市道路的交通变化规律。1. Since 1979, established 11 on national highway 262 clearance transportation and 183 continuous traffic DiaoZhaZhan dea

22、ls. Systematic observation data of highway traffic flow, speed, etc. Several cities in Shanghai, Beijing, Harbin, fuzhou on streets to establish traffic observation and monitoring of urban road traffic. 2.制定了道路交通标志标线规范修订了道路交通管理条例。2. Set the standard revised road traffic road traffic sign and marking

23、 management regulations. 3.在大中城市和高速公路上,广泛应用标志、标线等交通管理技术。北京、深圳等城市采用了交通 区域控制。3. On the large and medium-sized cities and highways, traffic management technology such as widely used signs, and lines. Beijing, shenzhen and other cities adopted traffic control area. 4.北京、深圳等城市采用了交通区域控制。4. Beijing, shenzh

24、en and other cities adopted traffic control area. 5. 在交通管理部门 , 推广了计算机交通事故管理系统。5. The traffic management department, to promote the computer traffic accident management system. 1.5交通设施设计理论与方法1.5 design theory and method of traffic facilities 道路是最主要的交通设施 , 如何使道路符合行车规律 , 如何使道路 满足用路者的旅行需求 , 如何使道路勘测设计自动化

25、 , 一向是广大道路交通工程人员追求的目标。Road is the main traffic facilities, how to comply with traffic rule on the road, how to make the road meet in travel demand, how to make the road survey design automation, road traffic engineering staff has always been the pursuit of the goal. “ 七五 ” 期间 , 国家做为重点攻关课题研究了公路设计CAD

26、, 取得了一批成果。目前,交通部公路勘察设计院和 部分省市交通设计院,以及有关院校都有公路设CAD软件,可用计算机从事道路设计。During the period of seventh, as a national key research project highway design CAD is studied and a number of achievements. At present, the ministry of communications highway survey and design institute and some provinces and cities tr

27、ansportation design institute, and relevant institutions have set highway CAD software, can use the computer to engage in road design. 在设计理论方面 , 北京工业大学提出了道路线形设计新理论。旧理论以满足汽车行驶要求为出发点,静止地分析 问题,孤立地设计新理论是以满足用路者的出行需求为出发点,动态的分析问题,强调协调设计。In terms of design theory, proposed the theory of road alignment desig

28、n new Beijing university of technology. Old theory in order to meet the requirements of the car as a starting point, static analysis, isolation design theory based on satisfy the travel demand as the starting point of the road, the dynamic analysis of the problem, emphasizes the coordination design.

29、 2 国外交通工程发展动向2 traffic engineering developments abroad 在经济发达的国家,如美国,交通建设已相当发达,且多已定型。目前美国有铺砌路面的公路已超过640万公里 , 高速公路近7万公里,城市建设已具规模。因此,早已将重点转移到交通管理方面。In economically developed countries, such as the United States, transportation construction has been quite developed, and has already set. Now America has

30、paved the road of roads has more than 6.4 million kilometers, nearly 70000 km highway, urban construction has been established. Therefore, already will focus to traffic management. 1975年9月 , 美国城市公共交通局和联邦公路管理 局提出交通系统管理,即TSM（Transportation System Managemen）。该项措施是非设施性和低投资性管理 , 旨在节约能源、改善交通环境,充分利 用现有道路 空

31、 间 , 控制车辆和车辆出行,协调各种交通方式,力求整体效率最大。此间注意研究大众捷运系统,倡导步行对公共交通实行优惠政策,鼓励合乘 , 减少客流、车流,大力挖掘现有交通设施的潜力。In September 1975, the city public Transportation bureau and the federal highway administration bureau proposed traffic System management, namely the TSM (Transportation System Managemen). The measure is facil

32、ities and low investment management, aims to save energy and improve the traffic environment, make full use of existing road space, control of vehicles and vehicle travel, coordinate the various modes of transport, overall efficiency maximum. Here pay attention to the study of mass rapid transit system, advocating walking implements preferential policies for public transport, encourage or take, reduce the passenger flow and traffic flow, to dig up the potential of current traffic facilities. 80年代后期 , 美国交通界富有见识的人士就关心美国 州际