1、考研英语考题和答案7 考研英语考题和答案 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. (1) the fru
2、it-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly (2) to live shorter lives. This suggests that (3) bulbs burn longer, that there is an (4) in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it (5
3、) out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow (6) the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual (7) instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to (8). Is there an adaptive va
4、lue to (9) intelligence? Thats the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance (10) at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real (11) of our own intelligence might be. This is (12) the mind of every animal Ive ever met. Re
5、search on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would (13) on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, (14), is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that (15) animals ran the labs, they would test us to (16) the limits of our pati
6、ence, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really (1)7, not merely how much of it there is. (18), they would hope to study a (19) question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? (20) the results are inconclusive. 1. A Suppos
7、e B Consider C Observe D Imagine 2. A tended B feared C happened D threatened 3. A thinner B stabler C lighter D dimmer 4. A tendency B advantage C inclination D priority 5. A insists on B sums up C turns out D puts forward 6. A off B behind C over D along 7. A incredible B spontaneous C inevitable
8、D gradual 8. A fight B doubt C stop D think 9. A invisible B limited C indefinite D different 10. A upward B forward C afterward D backward 11. A features B influences C results D costs 12. A outside B on C by D across 13. A deliver B carry C perform D apply 14. A by chance B in contrast C as usual
9、D for instance 15. A if B unless C as D lest 16. A moderate B overcome C determine D reach 17. A at B for C after D with 18. A Above all B After all C However D Otherwise 19. A fundamental B comprehensive C equivalent D hostile 20. A By accident B In time C So far D Better still Section II Reading C
10、omprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing int0 the unconsc
11、ious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity
12、 and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of
13、 procedure are worn int0 the hippocampus, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain int0 ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”
14、 and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself the Decider. “ She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other
15、 possibilities.” All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At pubert
16、y, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative an
17、d collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will.” and Ms. Markovas business partner. “Thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what
18、 youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in. 21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being _. A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable 22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be _ A. predicted
19、B. regulated C. traced D. guided 23. “ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to _ A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections 24. Ms. Markovas comments suggest that the practice of standard testing _? A, prevents new habits form being formed B, no longer emphasizes commonness
20、C, maintains the inherent American thinking model D, complies with the American belief system 25. Ryan most probably agree that A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind B. innovativeness could be taught C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas D. curiosity activates creative minds Text 2 It is a wis
21、e father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore and another $120 to get the results. More than 60,000 people have purchase
22、d the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to mor
23、e than $2500. Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a familys geographic roots . Most tests require collecting cells by
24、 webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New Yo
25、rk University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only f
26、rom mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing i
27、s only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that proces
28、ses the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. 26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTKs _. A easy availability B flexibility in pricing C successful promotion D popularity with h
29、ouseholds 27. PTK is used to _. A locate ones birth place B promote genetic research C identify parent-child kinship D choose children for adoption 28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to_. A trace distant ancestors B rebuild reliable bloodlines C fully use genetic information
30、 D achieve the claimed accuracy 29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _. A disorganized data collection B overlapping database building C excessive sample comparison D lack of patent evaluation 30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be_. A Fors and
31、 Againsts of DNA testing B DNA testing and Its problems C DNA testing outside the lab D lies behind DNA testing Text 3 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid econom
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1