高一英语寒假专题重点单词短语回顾知识精讲.docx

1、高一英语寒假专题重点单词短语回顾知识精讲高一英语寒假专题重点单词短语回顾【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 寒假专题重点单词短语回顾词条1realize v.了解，认识到；实现拓展realize后可接名词和宾语从句。realization n.实现reality n.事实；真实realistic adj.现实主义的；现实的realizable adj.可实现的例句He didnt realize his mistakes.词条2destroy v. 破坏，毁坏拓展destroyer n.破坏者；驱逐舰damage & destroy damage “损坏”，意味着损坏后价值或效率降低,一般是部分

2、性的。destroy 指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含“不能或很难修复”的意思。例句（1） The flood destroyed many houses. （2） Smoking can damage your health. 词条3 argue v.争论，辩论argue 用作及物动词时，其后常接the matter, the point, the question, the case之类的名词作宾语,也可以接that 引导的宾语从句。拓展argue about / on / over 为争论argue against为反对而争论argue for为赞成而争论argue with与争论例句（1）

3、We have been arguing on this problem for two hours. （2） You shouldnt argue with your mother about this matter. 词条4reduce v. 减少reduce . by . 把减少/缩小 reduce . to . 把减少/缩小到拓展反义词：increase, 也常和by / to 连用。increase （.） by. 增加了increase （.） to . 增加到例句（1） The shop reduced the prices of the clothes by one-third

4、.商店把服装价格下调了三分之一。（2） The shop reduced the prices of the clothes to two-thirds. 商店把服装价格下调到原来的三分之二。词条5alive adj.有活力的,有生气的拓展alive & living & live在词义上，三者都有“活着；活着的”的意思。在用法上,alive只作表语和后置定语,多用于人；live只作定语，只用于物；living既可作表语，又可作定语，既可以用于人，又可以用于物。例句But anyone who is alive in the world of the living has some hope;

5、 a live dog is better off than a dead lion. 的确，任何人只要与活着的人在一起就还会有一丝生的希望。所以，比起死了的狮子,活着的狗要好得多。词条6attitude n.态度；看法attitude常与介词to / towards连用。拓展opinion n.常与介词of / on / about连用。idea n.常与介词on / about连用。例句（1） Her attitude towards him has changed.（2） He asked his fathers opinion / idea about his plans.词条7fee

6、d v.喂养,饲养拓展feed on 动物以为生live on 意为“人以为食，以为生”，也可以指“动物以为食”。如：The people in the south live on rice, while the people in the north live on wheat.词条8offer v.& n.提供；出价拓展offer sb sth 向某人提供某物offer sb some money for sth给某人出价买某物offer to do sth 主动提出做某事on offer 削价出售词条9impress v.留下印象拓展（1） impress 的常见搭配有：impress

7、sb （with sth） 给某人留下深刻印象impress sth on / upon sb 使某人铭记某物；使某人意识到某物（2） impression为impress的名词形式，常见的搭配有：impression of sth / doing sth / that想法；感觉be under the impression that . 有某种（通常是错误的）想法leave a good （bad） impression on sb 给某人留下好（坏）的印象词条10break vi.破裂；休息拓展（1） break in 意为“破门而入”，与break into 同义，不同的是：break

8、into后要求接宾语,而break in后不必接宾语。（2） break的相关短语有：break out 爆发；突然发生break through 进展；突破break up 分裂break down出故障；失灵break away from脱离（政党）；打破（陈规）词条11congratulation n.祝贺offer （send） ones congratulations to sb on sth 向某人祝贺accept ones congratulations 接受某人的祝贺拓展congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate sb on sth / doing sth 祝

9、贺某人例句We offered our congratulations to Kate on her passing the exam. 凯特通过了考试，我们向她表示祝贺。I congratulated myself on my narrow escape. 我庆幸自己死里逃生。词条12 aboard prep.在船（飞机、火车等）上常与aboard搭配的名词有ship, bus, aircraft, train等。拓展aboard也可以用作副词。如：The plane crashed, killing all 180 people aboard.飞机坠毁了，机上180人全部遇难。词条13ob

10、serve v.观察；专心地看常见的用法有：observe + n.; observe + n./ pron.+ doing sth / do sth; observe + that .拓展observation n.观测observer n.观测者observing adj.注意的；留心的例句Did you observe anything special in his behavior?词条14found v.建立，创立拓展founder n.创始人，奠基者foundation n.基础，根基同义词：build, construct, establish例句We are planning

11、to found a hospital.我们计划建立一所医院。词条15belief n.信念；信条拓展believe v.相信believe in sb信任某人；believe in sth 相信某物的存在believe sb相信某人说的话；believe sth 相信某事（物）是真的例句He stated his belief that failure is the mother of success.他坚信失败是成功之母。He is a man to believe in.他是一个可以信赖的人。I believe the news to be true.我相信这消息是真的。短语1fall

12、asleep入睡 拓展be asleep & fall asleep fall asleep 表动作，不能和表示一段时间的词连用；be asleep表状态，可以和表示一段时间的词连用。类似用法的还有：fall in love with, be in love with; fall behind, be behind等。短语2add.to往加入拓展add . to & add to & add up to add . to 把加到上add to 添加，增添（其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词）add up to 合计达（后面多指合计起来的数字）短语3concentration聚精会神；集中思想 拓展

13、concentrate on & focus on指“集中精力”时两词可以互换 使用，但focus on一般不以具体事物作宾语，而concentrate on 则可以。如：concentrate on my new task；focus on this point。短语4put up修建 拓展put up的常见意思有：修建；搭建。如：put up a building挂起；张贴。如：put up new pictures举起；抬起。如：put up his hand短语5consist of由组成 拓展consist of = be made up of,但consist of不用于被动语态。

14、如：Our class consists of fifty students. = Our class is made up of fifty students.短语6keep away（使）离开；（使）不接近拓展keep away后常接介词from。如：keep the cat away from the house. keep 的常见搭配还有：keep up with 跟上；和来往keep . in mind把记在心里短语7take ones advice听从某人的建议拓展take ones advice= follow ones adviceask sb for advice 向某人征求

15、意见give sb some advice on sth / how to do sth在某方面给某人提建议advice 是不可数名词，表示一条建议，要用a piece of advice。短语8belong to属于拓展belong to 是个不及物动词词组,没有被动语态和进行时。 如：The book belongs to Mr. Green. （）The book is belonging to Mr. Green. （）The book is belonged to Mr. Green. （）短语9pay for 付钱，支付；为付出代价拓展pay back 偿还pay off 付清,偿

16、清（债务）例句He made a foolish mistake and had to pay for it.短语10at （the） least 至少拓展not in the least 一点也不，毫不at （the） most 至多例句There are at least forty people at tending the meeting.短语11be off work 休班，不工作拓展be out of work 失业be at work 在工作例句Because Im off work today, I can relax myself at home.短语12pick up开车去

17、接某人拓展pick up 的常见意思还有：捡到,拾到。如：pick up a wallet on the road偶然发现,获得。如：pick up the information from a magazine短语13change （.） into （将）变成拓展change . for 以换例句Ice can change into water.短语14make . of . 了解拓展make . of . 没有被动语态，常用于what引导的疑问句或否定句中。例句I cant make anything of what he said. What do you make of our ne

18、w boss？短语15a number of 许多拓展a number of & the number ofa number of后加“可数名词复数”，作主语时谓语动词用复数，the number of 意思是“的数量”，后接“可数名词复数”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。例句There are a number of poets at the party. The number of the students in this class is fifty.短语16be proud of 为感到骄傲拓展take pride in = be proud of例句I do admit Im rather

19、 proud of my son.= I do admit I take pride in my son.短语17take part in & join & join in1. take part in sth指参加群众性的活动、政治运动、工作等，并在活动中起积极作用。如果part前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词a /an。如： Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery. 2. join sth指加入某组织或团体，成为其中一员,如参军、入党、入团等。如： He joined the army

20、during the Second World War. 3. join in sth指参加比赛或具体活动，用于日常用语。如：Will you join in the game?注意：join sb in sth /doing sth指加入到他人的行动中，一道从事某项活动。如： Would you like to join us in the discussion?练习1. Were going to get together with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to _ us? A. take part in B. join in C

21、. attend D. join2. Its really an exciting game!Why not _ it? A. take part B. join in C. attend D. joinKeys：1. D 2. B短语18 divide & separate1. divide常指把一个整体分成若干份,常与into连用，构成divide . into .。如：This class is too large; we shall have to divide it into eight groups for oral practice.2. separate意为“分开；脱离”，指把

22、原来连在一起或靠近的分割开来，常与from连用，构成separate . from .。如：The two children separated at the end of the road. She separated the big eggs from the small ones. 练习1. The birthday cake is _ six pieces.A. divided B. divided into C. separated from D. separated2. The electrician _ the broken wire from the others.A. sep

23、arated B. divided C. was separated D. was divided3. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friend.A. separated B. divided C. lost D. missedKeys：1. B 2. A 3. A短语19as a result & as a result of1. as a result意为“结果”，相当于副词，起承上启下的作用。如：As a result, they have both health and money problems. There hasnt b

24、een any rain for a long time, and as a result, the farmers have to water the fields.2. as a result of表示“由于；因为”，为介词短语，类似于because of。如：During the 1990s, 21 million people died as a result of smoking cigarettes.He was late for the meeting as a result of the traffic jam. 练习1. He was addicted to cocaine,

25、 and _, he became very ill. A. resulting B. as a result of C. as a result D. as the result2. _ peoples destroying the forests, a lot of desert _ covered the land. A. As a result of; has B. As a result; have C. Because of; have D. Because; has Keys：C A短语20for example & such as1. for example 用来举例说明,一般

26、只列举同类事物中的一个,可置于句首或句尾。for example有时可以作为独立语插在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。如：A lot of us want to leave now, for example, Bill.In 1924, for example, the average salary is 500 pounds a year.2. such as 用来列举事物,且列举的只是一个部分,不是全部；such as一般不与and so on连用。如：They export a lot of fruit, such as oranges, apples, 注意（1） such as可

27、用such . as来代替,表达的意思相同。如：Such novels as these should be read carefully. = Novels such as these should be read carefully.（2） such as对前面的复数名词部分起列举作用,但列举的只是一个部分,如果全部列出,则用namely。如： He knows four languages, such as Chinese, English, French and German. （误）He knows four languages, namely Chinese, English, F

28、rench and German. （正）练习1. China, France and Russia, _, all play an important role in the United Nations. A. for example B. such as C. like D. that is 2. Last year I visited several American cities, _ New York, Chicago and Boston. A. for example B. that is C. such as D. namely3. In our class only one

29、 girl can drive, _ Betty. A. namely B. such as C. for example D. like Keys：A C A【模拟试题】一、单项填空1. It is _ great pleasure to go to _ cinema after a weeks hard work.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the2. _ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station.A.

30、 For B. As C. Because D. With3. It is in Qingdao _ youre going to pay a visit to _ this kind of washing machine is produced.A. /; that B. where; which C. /; where D. that; which4. She had no idea _ Main Street was like, except _ it was Market Street.A. what; what B. what; that C. that; that D. that; what5. What way are you thinking of _ rid of the flies?A. to get B. getting C. being got D. to be getting6. Iraq was conquered in the end, but the country had tried