版英语新设计同步浙江专用版必修五讲义Uni.docx

1、版英语新设计同步浙江专用版必修五讲义UniUnit 1Great scientistsTu Youyou，born in Zhejiang in 1930，is the chief professor at the China Academy of Traditional Medicine.As a high school student，she showed great interest in medicine.In 1951，she was admitted into Peking University，where she studied so hard that she was well

2、 thought of by many teachers and classmates.Since graduation in 1955，she has been devoted to studying traditional Chinese medicine and modern western medicine.In 2011，she won the Lasker Award for discovering artemisinin(青蒿素)，which has saved millions of lives.Four years later，she won the Nobel Prize

3、and became the first Chinese woman to receive this honor.All of us Chinese are proud of her and her achievement，for she has made a great contribution to the development of medicine in the world.Tu and her colleagues conducted research that led to the discovery of artemisinin.Artemisininbased drugs a

4、re now the standard treatment for malaria(疟疾).The committee said the discoveries have given the world powerful new ways to fight two powerful diseases.It said those diseases affect hundreds of millions of people every year.Despite rapid progress in controlling malaria in the past decade，the mosquito

5、borne disease still kills more than half a million people a year in the poorest parts of Africa.The committee added that，“The results in terms of improving human health and reducing suffering are immeasurable.” A member of the Nobel committee said that the award for Tu Youyou is the result of a grea

6、t change in the way China performs scientific research.词海拾贝1.be admitted into 被录取2.be devoted to doing sth.专心于/致力于3.be proud of自豪，高兴；以而骄傲4.make a great contribution to.对做出巨大贡献5.lead to导致；通向6.in terms of在方面；依据，按照7.immeasurable adj.无限的；不可计量的Period OneWarming Up & Reading.单词检测1.scientific adj.科学的scienc

7、e n.科学scientist n.科学家2.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclusion n.结论；结束3.defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败4.expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的；n.专家；行家5.attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加6.physician n.医生；内科医师physical adj.身体的；肉体的7.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光8.cure n.治愈；痊愈；vt.治疗；治愈9.challenge n.挑战；vt.向挑战10.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorbed adj.专心致志的11.sus

8、pect vt.怀疑；认为；n.嫌疑犯；被怀疑者12.severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的13.blame vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备14.pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n.污染15.handle n.柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵16.announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n.宣布；通告17.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n.命令；指示18.foresee vt.预见；预知.短语默写1.put forward提出2.draw a conclusion得出结论3.expose.to使显露；暴露4.link.

9、to.将和联系或连接起来5.be to blame应受责备；应负责6.neither.nor.既不也不7.face the challenge面对挑战8.slow down减缓9.absorb.into.把吸入到10.be ready to do.准备做阅读清障defeat/dIfit/vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败expert/ekspt/adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的；n.专家；行家attend/tend/vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加physician/fIzIn/n.医生；内科医师so.that“如此以至于”，so在此修饰形容词expert。破折号后的内容进一步解释前面的docto

10、r。inspired/InspaId/adj.感到振奋的，受到鼓舞的expose/Ikspz/vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose.to使显露；暴露when引导时间状语从句，exposed to cholera在此作后置定语，修饰ordinary people。deadly/dedlI/adj.致命的cure/kj/n.治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗neither.nor.(既不也不)连接两个并列名词词组作主语。当neither.nor.连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则。terrified/terIfaId/adj.恐惧，很害怕outbreak/atbreIk/n.爆发

11、；发作(尤指疾病或战争)every time“每次”，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。challenge/tlInd/n.挑战；vt.向挑战that引导宾语从句，从句中又含有until引导的时间状语从句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词two theories，定语从句中又含有how引导的宾语从句，其作explained的宾语。multiply/mltIplaI/vi.繁殖；增殖suggested在此处意为“间接表明，暗示”，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。victim/vIktIm/n.受害者absorb/bzb/vt.吸收；吸引；使专心过去分词affected在此作前置定语，表示“受疾病侵袭的”。s

12、uspect/sspekt/vt.认为；怀疑/sspekt/n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯本句为并列句，but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中含有that引导的宾语从句，从句作suspected的宾语。hit/hIt/vt.打击，危害；攻击，袭击enquiry/InkwaIrI/n.询问；调查as在此引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。severe/sIvI/adj.严重的；剧烈的mark v.做标记where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the exact places，并在从句中作地点状语。clue/klu/n.线索；提示pump/pmp/n.泵；抽水机；vt.(用泵)抽(水)foresee/fsi/vt.

13、(foresaw，foreseen)预见；预知further/f/adj.更进一步的investigation/InvestIeIn/n.调查investigate/InvestIeIt/vt.& vi.调查blame/bleIm/vt.责备；谴责；n.过失It seemed/seems that.“看来”，这是一个常用句型。was to blame表示“对负有责任”，不定式to blame用主动形式表示被动意义。look into 调查，审查that引导的从句作found的宾语，从句中过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the river。handle/hndl/n.柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵so

14、that引导目的状语从句。slow down 放慢速度，减缓germ/dm/n.微生物；细菌supporting/sptI/adj.能确证的supporting evidence 有力的证据be linked to 与有关link.to.将和 联系起来that引导定语从句，修饰先行词two other deaths。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a woman。so.that.表示“如此以至于”；had it delivered 为“have sth done”结构。announce/nans/vt.宣布；通告with certainty 确信地(作状语)certainty/stntI

15、/n.确信；确实that引导宾语从句，但在从句中不作成分。动词不定式短语作目的状语；prevent.(from) doing表示“阻止做”。suggested在此表示“建议”，that引导的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气，从句谓语为be examined，be前面省略了should。instruct/Instrkt/vt.命令；指示；教导instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事原文呈现JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attend

16、ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera .This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John S

17、now wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floa

18、ted around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So wh

19、en another outbreak hit London in 1854，he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods，he began to gather information.In two particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.

20、First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16，37，38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street

21、 and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this，so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame.Next，Joh

22、n Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed d

23、own.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it de

24、livered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water sup

25、plies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.课文译文约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。所以每次霍乱暴发时，就有成千上万对之感到害怕的人病死。约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战并解决这

26、个问题。他知道直到找到病源，霍乱才能被控制住。他对两种可能解释霍乱如何致人死亡的看法产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。一股危险的气体到处飘动，直到找到它的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里迅速侵及全身，患者很快就死亡了。约翰斯诺认为第二种看法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，他就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，他就开始收集资料。(他发现)在两条特别的街上这种疫情很严重，以至于10天之内有500多人死去。他决定查明原因。首先他在一张地图上标记了所有死者曾经住过的精确地点。这给他提供了一条关于该疾病病因的有价

27、值的线索。许多死者生前住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住宅区(如宽街上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他(之前)没预测到这种情况，所以他做了更进一步的调查。他发现这些人都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆免费给他们提供啤酒，因此他们没有喝过从(宽街)水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊讶的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就不能用了。不久，疫情得到了缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发

28、的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她非常喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，因此每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得霍乱死了。有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染了的水带有(霍乱)病菌。为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司接到了指令，不能再让人们接触到被污染的水。最后，“霍乱王”被打败了。.Read the text and complete the topic sentences of each paragraph.Para.11.Introduction of John Snow and chol

29、era.Para.2Two 2.theories explaining how cholera killed people.Para.3John Snow studied the 3.outbreak in 1854 to test the two theories.Para.4The map gave a valuable clue about the 4.cause of the disease.Para.5The water was to 5.blame.Para.6With extra evidence，John Snow was able to announce with certa

30、inty that 6.polluted water carried the disease.Para.7“King Cholera” was 7.defeated.True(T) or False(F).1.Cholera would never be controlled even if its cause was found.(F)2.The disease attacked the body quickly from the stomach and soon the affected person died.(T)3.John Snow began to collect the inf

31、ormation before the disease spread.(F)4.In two particular streets，over 500 people died in 10 days when another outbreak hit London in 1854.(T)5.Deaths of the woman and her daughter were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.(T).Choose the best answer according to the text.1.Whats the purpose of the text?A.To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera.B.