1、面向对象系统分析和设计综合实验报告4实验名称:实验4 设计模型实验2 学期:2017-2018学年 第二学期 一、实验目的1熟练使用面向对象设计原则对系统进行重构;2熟练使用面向对象编程语言(JAVA或C+)实现几种常见的设计模式,包括单例模式、策略模式、装饰模式和适配器模式,理解每一种设计模式的模式动机,掌握模式结构,学习如何使用代码实现这些模式。二、实验要求1. 选择合适的面向对象设计原则对系统进行重构,正确无误地绘制重构之后的类图;2. 结合实例,正确无误地绘制单例模式、策略模式、装饰模式和适配器模式的结构图;3. 实现单例模式、策略模式、装饰模式和适配器模式,代码运行正确无误。三、实验
2、内容1. 现实生活中,居民身份证号码具有唯一性,同一个人不允许有多个身份证号码,第一次申请身份证时将号码分配给居民,如果之后因为遗失等原因补办时,还是使用原来的身份证号码,不会产生新号码,现使用单例模式模拟该场景。1)类图2)实现代码:public class IdClient public static void main(String args) IdentityCardNo.getInstance(); IdentityCardNo.getInstance(); package Refactoring1;public class IdentityCardNo private static
3、 IdentityCardNo instance; private String no; private IdentityCardNo() public static IdentityCardNo getInstance() if (instance = null) System.out.println(第一次办理身份证,分配新号码); instance = new IdentityCardNo(); instance.setNo(No6000654321); System.out.println(身份证号码为: + instance.getNo(); else System.out.prin
4、tln(重复办理身份证,获取旧号码!); return instance; public String getNo() return no; public void setNo(String no) this.no = no; 2. 每一麻将局都有两个骰子,因此骰子就应当是双例类。现使用多例模式模拟该场景。1)类图2)实现代码:import java.util.Date;import java.util.Random;public class Dice private static Dice die1 = new Dice(); private static Dice die2 = new D
5、ice(); private Dice() public static Dice getInstance(int whichOne) if (whichOne = 1) return die1; else return die2; public synchronized int dice() Date d = new Date(); Random r = new Random(d.getTime(); int value = r.nextInt(); value = Math.abs(value); value = value % 6; value += 1; return value; im
6、port java.util.Random;import java.util.Date;public class DiceClient private static Dice die1, die2; public static void main(String args) die1 = Dice.getInstance(1); die2 = Dice.getInstance(2); System.out.println(第一骰子骰出: + die1.dice(); System.out.println(第二骰子骰出: + die2.dice(); 3. 某软件公司为某电影院开发了一套影院售票系
7、统,在该系统中需要为不同类型的用户提供不同的电影票(MovieTicket)打折(Discount)方式,具体打折方案如下:学生凭学生证可享受票价8折优惠;年龄在10周岁及以下的儿童可享受每张票减免10元的优惠(原始票价需大于等于20元);影院VIP用户除享受票价半价优惠外还可进行积分,积分累计到一定额度可换取电影院赠送的奖品。该系统在将来可能还要根据需要引入新的打折方式。试使用策略模式设计并编程模拟实现该影院售票系统。1)类图2)实现代码:public interface Discount public double calculate(double price); public class
8、 MovieTicket private double price; private Discount discount; /维持一个对抽象折扣类的引用 public void setPrice(double price) this.price = price; /注入一个折扣类对象 public void setDiscount(Discount discount) this.discount = discount; public double getPrice() /调用折扣类的折扣价计算方法 return discount.calculate(this.price); /VIP会员票折扣
9、类:具体策略类 public class VIPDiscount implements Discount public double calculate(double price) System.out.println(VIP票:); System.out.println(增加积分!); return price * 0.5; /学生票折扣类:具体策略类 public class StudentDiscount implements Discount public double calculate(double price) System.out.println(学生票:); return p
10、rice * 0.8; /儿童票折扣类:具体策略类 public class ChildrenDiscount implements Discount public double calculate(double price) System.out.println(儿童票:); return price - 10; public class MoviceClient public static void main(String args) MovieTicket mt = new MovieTicket(); double originalPrice = 60.0; double curren
11、tPrice; mt.setPrice(originalPrice); System.out.println(原始价为: + originalPrice); System.out.println(-); Discount discount =new VIPDiscount(); /vip 用户 mt.setDiscount(discount); /注入折扣对象 currentPrice = mt.getPrice(); System.out.println(折后价为: + currentPrice); discount =new StudentDiscount(); /学生用户 mt.setD
12、iscount(discount); /注入折扣对象 currentPrice = mt.getPrice(); System.out.println(折后价为: + currentPrice); discount =new ChildrenDiscount(); /儿童用户 mt.setDiscount(discount); /注入折扣对象 currentPrice = mt.getPrice(); System.out.println(折后价为: + currentPrice); 3)实现结果:4. 某软件公司欲开发一款飞机模拟系统,该系统主要模拟不同种类飞机的飞行特征与起飞特征,需要模拟
13、的飞机种类及其特征如表1所示:表1 飞机种类及特征一览表飞机种类起飞特征飞行特征直升机(Helicopter)垂直起飞(VerticalTakeOff)亚音速飞行(SubSonicFly)客机(AirPlane)长距离起飞(LongDistanceTakeOff)亚音速飞行(SubSonicFly)歼击机(Fighter)长距离起飞(LongDistanceTakeOff)超音速飞行(SuperSonicFly)鹞式战斗机(Harrier)垂直起飞(VerticalTakeOff)超音速飞行(SuperSonicFly)为将来能够模拟更多种类的飞机,试采用策略模式设计并模拟实现该飞机模拟系统。
14、1)类图2)实现代码:public class plane private state state;/状态 public void settakeoffFeatures(state tFeatures) this.state = tFeatures; public void setplanetype(String type) if(type=直升机) state=new Helicopter(); else if(type=客机) state=new AirPlane(); else if(type=歼击机) state=new Fighter(); else if(type=鹞式战斗机) s
15、tate=new Harrier(); else state=null; public void takeoff() state.takeOff(); public void fly() state.fly(); public class AirPlane implements state Override public String takeOff() System.out.println(长距离起飞); return 长距离起飞; Override public String fly() System.out.println(亚音速飞行); return 亚音速飞行; public cla
16、ss Fighter implements state Override public String takeOff() System.out.println(长距离起飞); return 长距离起飞; Override public String fly() System.out.println(超亚音速飞行); return 超音速飞行; public class Harrier implements state Override public String takeOff() System.out.println(垂直起飞); return 垂直起飞; Override public S
17、tring fly() System.out.println(超亚音速飞行); return 超音速飞行; public class Helicopter implements state Override public String takeOff() System.out.println(垂直起飞); return 垂直起飞; Override public String fly() System.out.println(亚音速飞行); return 亚音速飞行; public interface state public String takeOff();/起飞 public Strin
18、g fly();/飞行public class Client public static void main(String args) plane plane = new plane(); plane.setplanetype(歼击机); plane.takeoff(); plane.fly(); 3)实现结果:5. 儿子、妈妈、父亲三人合作画一幅画,儿子负责画出一朵花的轮廓,妈妈负责涂上颜色、父亲负责将画裱在画框里。现请使用装饰模式模拟这个过程。1)类图2)实现代码:public interface painting public String Draw();public class Son
19、 implements painting Override public String Draw() System.out.println(儿子用笔画出了花的轮廓); return 儿子用笔画出了花的轮廓; public class Father implements painting private painting painting;/被装饰者 public Father(painting painting) this.painting =painting; private Father() public void paint() /爸爸装饰者做的职责 System.out.println
20、(爸爸正在做上画框前的准备工作); painting.Draw();/爸爸装饰者做职责 System.out.println(父亲将画裱在画框里); Overridepublic String Draw() System.out.println(父亲将画裱在画框里); return 父亲将画裱在画框里; public class Mother implements painting private painting painting;/被装饰者 public Mother(painting painting) this.painting =painting; private Mother()
21、public void paint() System.out.println(妈妈正在做给画上颜色前的准备工作。); painting.Draw();/妈妈装饰者做的职责 System.out.println(妈妈给画上好了颜色); Override public String Draw() System.out.println(妈妈给画上好了颜色); return 妈妈给画上好了颜色; public class Client public static void main(String args) painting painting =new Son(); painting.Draw();
22、painting = new Mother(painting); painting.Draw(); painting = new Father(painting); painting.Draw(); 3)实现结果:6. 某公司想通过网络传输数据,但是担心文件被窃取。他们的所有数据都采用字符的方式传送。现在他们开发了一个数据加密模块,可以对字符串进行加密,以便数据更安全地传送。最简单的加密算法通过对字母向后移动6位来实现,同时还提供了稍复杂的逆向输出加密,还提供了更为高级的求模加密,让每一位与6求模。用户先使用最简单的加密算法对字符串进行加密,再对加密之后的结果使用复杂加密算法进行二次加密,再对
23、二次加密结果用高级加密算法进行第三次加密。现请使用装饰模式模拟这个过程。1)类图2)实现代码:public class ConcreteEncrypt implements EncryptComponet private EncryptComponet encryptComponet; public ConcreteEncrypt(EncryptComponet encryptComponet) super(); this.encryptComponet = encryptComponet; public void encrypt() encryptComponet.encrypt(); pu
24、blic interface EncryptComponet public abstract void encrypt();public class RawData implements EncryptComponet public void encrypt() System.out.println(这是要发送的数据); public class ReversEncrypt implements EncryptComponet public ReversEncrypt(EncryptComponet encryptComponet) addReservesEncrypt(); private
25、void addReservesEncrypt() System.out.println(反向加密); Override public void encrypt() public class SuperEncrypt implements EncryptComponet public SuperEncrypt(EncryptComponet encryptComponet) addSuperEncrypt(); private void addSuperEncrypt() System.out.println(最高加密算法); Override public void encrypt() pu
26、blic class TranslateEncrypt implements EncryptComponet public TranslateEncrypt(EncryptComponet encryptComponet) addTranslateEncrypt(); private void addTranslateEncrypt() System.out.println(移动加密); Override public void encrypt() public class Client public static void main(String args) EncryptComponet
27、s0,s1,s2,s3; s0 = new RawData(); s1 = new TranslateEncrypt(s0); s2 = new ReversEncrypt(s1); s3 = new SuperEncrypt(s2); s3.encrypt(); 7. 现需要设计一个可以模拟各种动物行为的机器人,在机器人中定义了一系列方法,如机器人叫喊方法cry()、机器人移动方法move()等。如果希望在不修改已有代码的基础上使得机器人能够像狗一样叫,像狗一样跑,使用适配器模式进行系统设计。1)类图2)实现代码public interface Robot public void cry()
28、; public void move();public class Dog public void barks() System.out.println(狗在叫); public void run() System.out.println(狗在跑); public class Dogadapter extends Dog implements Robot Override public void cry() barks(); Override public void move() run(); public class Client public static void main(String args) Dogadap
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