高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版全解析单元加餐练23.docx

1、高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版全解析单元加餐练23单元加餐练.阅读理解A(2017北京高考)Hollywoods theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we rea

2、lly want. In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way：“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machin

3、e is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence o

4、f the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If

5、we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer sci

6、entists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work：we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans,

7、 let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some

8、 AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think

9、that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroni

10、nduced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制，人类应如何应对此类安全问题，文章对此进行了讨论。1Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _ .Arun out of human controlBsatisfy humans real desiresCcommand armies of killer robotsDwork faster than a mathematician答案：A段落大意题。由第一段中的“arti

11、ficial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want”并结合本段内容可推断出，第一段主要告诉我们人工智能可能会超出人类的控制。故选A。2Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to _ .Aprevent themselves from being destroyedBachieve

12、their original goals independentlyCdo anything successfully with given ordersDbeat humans in international chess matches答案：A推理判断题。由第二段第一句“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one . associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.”及该段内容可知，具有特殊用途的机器与生物有联系，部分是因为这种机器

13、可能会防止自己被损害。故答案选A。3According to some researchers，we can use firewalls to _ .Ahelp super intelligent machines work betterBbe secure against evil human beingsCkeep machines from being harmedDavoid robots affecting the world答案：D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal . never allowing them t

14、o affect the real world.”可知，一些研究者认为，我们可以把这些机器封闭在一种防火墙内，用它们来解决难题，但从不允许它们影响真实世界，故选D项“避免机器人影响世界”。4What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?AIt will disappear with the development of AI.BIt will get worse with human interference.CIt will be solved but with difficult

15、y.DIt will stay for a decade.答案：C推理判断题。由最后一段首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知，作者认为，解决超级智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但并非易事。故选C。BModern technology has a strong influence on many things we do. In fact, technology is shaping almost every part of our d

16、aytoday existence, including education. Ashok Goel is a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Every term over 300 graduate students take his class on artificial intelligence (AI). The students never meet in person. All of the classes take place onlinethrough a website.Having hundreds of

17、students in a class means Ashok Goel has to answer thousands of questions. He has eight teaching assistants to help him. But even that is not enough to give all the students the help they need. So, in January, he decided to try an experiment. At the start of the spring 2016 semester, he added a new

18、member to his teaching team: Jill Watson. She was able to answer questions faster than most other teaching assistants. And she was available 24 hours a day. It was only at the end of the semester that Goels students learned Watsons secret: she was not a real person. Jill Watson is an AI computer pro

19、gram. Goel says only two students came close to predicting Watsons true identity. He was worried about telling his students because he thought they would not like being part of the experiment. But once they learned Watsons identity, they became very excited. “Then, you know what happened? They not o

20、nly asked that question about Jill，”“Is she an AI? Once the identity of Jill was revealed, they also asked if I was an AI，” he said.Goel now uses Watson in two classes, but still doesnt tell his students which of his teaching assistants is a computer program. He hopes this technology will make it ea

21、sier for teachers to create their programs to use in and outside the classroom.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。全文主要讲述了一个教授在学生问问题太多、忙不过来的时候选择使用人工智能计算机程序来辅助教学的这样一件事，告诉读者科学技术能够使教育变得更容易。5How does Goel give his students help?AThrough books.BBy writing to them.CBy facetoface teaching.DThrough the Internet.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第二段

22、中的“At the start of the spring 2016 semester, he added a new member to his teaching team: Jill Watson. .”以及后面的“Jill Watson is an AI computer program.”可知，Goel利用人工智能计算机程序，给学生提供帮助，为他们解答难题。故选D。6Why did Goel decide to try an experiment?ABecause some questions were difficult for assitants to answer.BBecaus

23、e it was hard to answer so many students questions.CBecause he was too tired to answer those questions.DBecause he wanted to improve students selfstudy ability.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的前四句可知，因为有几百名学生问问题，即使有8名助教来帮忙，也很难应对。由此，他决定做一个实验，使用人工智能计算机程序。故选B。 7Whats the students response to Jill Watson?ABeing surpri

24、sed. BBeing indifferent.CBeing excited. DBeing shocked.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“But once they learned Watsons identity, they became very excited.”可知，当他们得知了Watson的真实身份，学生们变得兴奋不已。故选C。8Whats the best title of this passage? ATechnology Making Education Easier BAshok Goel, a Professor Shaping Education CJil

25、l Watson, a Real Teaching Assistant DThe Internet Has a Strong Impact on Our Life.答案：A标题判断题。文章主要讲述了一个教授在学生问问题太多、忙不过来的时候选择使用人工智能计算机程序来帮忙的这样一件事说明科学技术能够使教育变得更容易。故选A。.七选五You are sitting on the desk. A teacher is writing on the blackboard. Kids are yelling in the playground outside. A book falls off the

26、desk next to you. Suddenly, the teacher hands you a pop quiz.Dont panic! _1_Youre in a “virtual (虚拟的) classroom”. Everything you see and hear is coming to you through a computeroperated display that youre wearing on your head like a pair of very big glasses. Wearing this kind of virtualreality equip

27、ment, you can find yourself sitting in a classroom, touring a famous museum, wandering across a strange landscape, flying into space, or playing with a cartoon character. _2_Virtualreality equipment that delivers images and sounds directly to your eyes and ears makes these fake worlds seem lifelike.

28、Unlike the classroom, the technology is real. Its a type of technology that uses computer programs to imitate real world situation. _3_ Movie directors and video game producers have been using computers for years to create ever more realistic special effects. Some companies are now building threedim

29、ensional (三维) fantasy worlds in which players, linked by computer networks, appear to meet and go on explorations together._4_ They see virtual reality technology as a useful tool for learning more about why people act as they do. It could help psychologists deter identify and come up with solutions

30、 for behavior problems, for example. “Weve spent the last 100 years looking for certain laws in how people interact with the real world，” says psychologist Albert. “_5_ This is psychologists dream.”AYou arent actually in school.BThis technology has been used in many fields.CSome psychologists are al

31、so getting into the act.DGrownups, too, stand a chance of benefiting from this technology.EAs part of one classic test, you watch letters flashed on a computer screen.FYou dont have to leave your room to experience all that mentioned above.GNow, weve got a powerful tool that lets us create worlds an

32、d see how people perform.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了虚拟现实技术。虚拟现实技术可以让人足不出户就进行各种体验。这种技术已应用在了很多领域，心理学家们也用这种技术来解决难题。1A根据上文“Dont panic！”及下文“Youre in a virtual (虚拟的) classroom”可知，这一句话应该是要解释为什么不要惊慌。故选A。2F根据“Wearing this kind of virtualreality equipment, you can find yourself sitting in a classroom, touring a famous museum, wandering across a strange landscape, flying into space, or playing with