职称英语综合类教材新增文章.docx

1、职称英语综合类教材新增文章2014职称英语考试综合类教材词汇理解无变化；阅读判断新增2篇；概括大意与完成句子新增2篇；阅读理解新增2篇；补全短文新增2篇；完型填空无变化。第二部分阅读判断第九篇 What Is a Dream？（B级）For centuries，people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，howev

2、er，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact，many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times，many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in

3、 a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist，Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book，The interpretation of Dreams （1900），Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings，

4、thoughts，and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freuds. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more ab

5、out themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example，people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand，people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop

6、theories about dreams. For example，psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California，Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life，thoughts，and behavior. A criminal，for example，might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dream

7、s and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff，dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example，the people in mens d

8、reams are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of womens dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world，including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves？ Psychologists contin

9、ue to try to answer this question in different ways. However，one thing they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur，you shouldnt panic. The dream may have meaning，but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. Its important to remember that the

10、world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist n.心理学家 psychiatrist n.精神病学家（医生）Austrian adj.奥地利的 gender n.性别注释：1.Sigmund Freud西格蒙德弗洛伊德（18561939），犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。著有性学三论梦的释义图腾与禁忌日常生活的心理病理学精神分析引论精神分析引论新编等。2.Carl Jung：卡尔荣格，瑞士著名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。3.For

11、example，the people in mens dreams are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of womens dreams.例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。练习：1.Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2.According to Freud，people dream about things th

12、at they cannot talk about.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3.Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4.In the past，people believed that dreams involved emotions.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5.According to Domhoff，babies do not have the same abi

13、lity to dream as adults do.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6.Men and women dream about different things.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7.Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解1.A 这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感活动。2.A 第三段的最后一

14、句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、思维和恐惧。此句与本叙述一致。3.B 第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.（荣格认为，梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）。他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。4.C 文中没

15、有提及。5.A 依据第六段，Domhoff研究得出：孩子不像成人做那么多的梦，他认为做梦也是一项心智机能，需要随着年龄增长而发展。6.A 本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。7.B 最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。因而不能预测未来。第十一篇 Stage Fright 1（A级）Fall down as you come onstage. Thats an old trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he

16、was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic，2 Mr. Feltsman said，”All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen？”Today，music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with

17、 performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms： icy fingers，shaky limbs，racing heart，blank mind.3Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice，from basics like learning pieces inside out，4 to me

18、ntal discipline，such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Dont deny that youre jittery，they urge； some excitement is natural，even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often，simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moment

19、s before performance，“Take two deep abdominal breaths，open up your shoulders，then smile， she says. ”And not one of these please dont kill me smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience，people you would communicate with and make music to，and make eye contact with them.“She doesnt want pe

20、rformers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay，a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal ce

21、llist of the Cleverland Orchestra，and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought， If I have to go through this to play music，I think Im go

22、ing to look for another job.”5 Recovery，he said，involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent，he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.6It is not only young artists who suffer，of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitzs nerves were famous. The grea

23、t tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage，”Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career，when youre scared to death，nobody knows who you are，and they dont have any expectations，”Soprano June Anderson said. “The

24、res less to lose. Later on，when youre known，people are coming to see you，and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until Ive sung my last note.”词汇：veteran adj.经验丰富的jittery adj.紧张不安的mentor n.指导者soprano n.女高音；女高音歌手cellist n.大提琴演奏家abdominal a

25、dj.腹部的fallible adj.易犯错误的tenor n.男高音注释：1.Stage Fright：舞台恐惧2.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic资深大提琴家米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇故意把他绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症cure somebody of illness （problem）：医治好病（解决问题）3. its symptoms：icy fingers，shaky limbs，racing heart，blan

26、k mind：舞台恐惧的症状有：手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白4.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice，from basics like learning pieces inside out：老师和心理学家给出了方方面面的建议，从基础的做法，比如详细地学习曲目 inside out：in great detail详细地，从里到外地5.I came to a point where I thought，If I have to go through this to play music，I think Im goin

27、g to look for another job。：我曾经一度认为，如果演奏音乐就必须过怯场这一关的话，那我可能得换其他工作了。6.Recovery，he said，involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent，he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.：他后来说，要克服恐惧重要的是学会谦逊，即认识到不论自己多有才，总有可能会失误，一个有瑕疵的音乐会绝对不是世界末日。练习：1.Falling down onstage w

28、as not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2.There are many signs of stage fright.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3.Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme -stage fright.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4.To perform well on st

29、age，you need to have some feelings of excitement.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5.If you have stage fright，its helpful to have friendly audience.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6.Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7.Famous

30、 musicians never suffer from stage fright.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B 本文第一段讲的是钢琴家弗拉基米尔菲兹曼被米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇绊倒后，他的舞台恐惧被治愈的经历。2.A 第二段的最后一句点出舞台恐惧的诸多症状为：手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白。3.B 本文的第三、第四、第五和第六段都在讲老师和心理学家为舞台恐惧者提供全方位的建议。4.A 依据第三段的倒数第二句：some excitement is natural，even necessary for dynamic playing

31、.适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正常甚至是必要的。5.C 第四段提到克服舞台恐惧的方法之一是：在观众中选择三位友好的面孔，与他们做眼光交流。而克服舞台恐惧是否需要观众友好文中未提。6.A 第五段讲了舞台恐惧的根源在于指导者或父母对表演者要求太高。extreme demands就是expect too much of them的意思。7.B 第七段讲的是：不只是年轻艺术家有舞台恐惧，钢琴家弗拉基米尔霍洛维茨和男高音弗朗科科莱里亦不能幸免。never一词不恰当。第三部分概括大意与完成句子第八篇 Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened

32、with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer.If this happens early enough，the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them，including Australia， Canada，the US and Spain，screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial，partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer.