考前知识清理.docx

1、考前知识清理考前知识清理I.语法： 时态问题 (01)1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别： shall will be going to +动词原形 be to do sth. be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning. be about to do sth.3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达：A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态B. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打

2、算做什么）C. was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望E. wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做

3、，想做而未做的事情G. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望常译为“当初最好当初真该” II. 句型复习：1. would (should) you like to do sth. should love to do sth.feel like doing sth. would like to do sth. would like sb. to do sth.such a diligent man that so diligent a man that such a diligent man as such interesting book

4、s that such rapid progress that so many (few) people that so much (little) money that so diligent (fast) that diligent (fast) enough to do sth.so lazy (slowly) that he cannot too lazy (slowly) to do sth.III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (01)agree sb. agree with + sb. / sb.s opinion / what 同意某人意见sth. agree with sb. 适

5、合sth. agree with sth. 相一致，相符，和谐agree on (upon) sth. 就取得一致的意见 agree with sb. on sth. 在方面同意或意见一致 agree to do sth. 愿意（同意）做 agree that. 同意是事实或应当如何注释：该词一般作为不及物动词用表示“同意”时有三种表达法，with后接“人” 具体的观点和看法：opinion, plan, idea等；what引导的从句 作及物动词用时， agree to do sth. 愿意做 agree that 同意是事实或应当如何B. 短语记忆： according to 根据 a l

6、ot of/lots of 许多 add up to 加起来 a few 一些 again and again 一再，多次 a great deal 许多 all kinds of 各种各样的 a little 一些 a kind of 一种。after all 毕竟I. 语法： 时态问题 (02)4. 完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法：A. 不合表示一段时间的时间状语连用 B. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词C. 换用句型It is. since did5. 复合句中的时态问题： A.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态 B.主句是将来时态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态C.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时

7、态6. 情景中的时态问题这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析 善于找到判断时态的依据II. 句型复习：Whats wrong (the matter, the trouble) with ?Is there anything wrong (the matter ) with ?There is something (nothing ) wrong (the matter) with?Something (Nothing ) is wrong (the matter) with?in order thatmay (might, can, could,) so t

8、hatcan (could, may, might) so as to (in order to) do sth.do (try) ones best to do sth. do what (everything, all) you can do sth.what he said all that he saidIII. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (02)look link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，look about 四周打量 look about for 四处寻找 look ahead 预测未来look like 看起来像 look as if 看

9、起来好像 look well 看起来不错look sb. up and down 上下打量某人 look at 看，望， 看待look after 照看，照管，照顾，负责处理 look back on 回顾，回想look down upon (on) 看不起，蔑视 look for 找寻，自找（麻烦），look forward to 盼望，希望；预计会有 look in 作短时间的访晤（参观），look in on 拜望，顺便来看望 look into 调查，了解，研究look on 旁观，在旁边看 look on as 把看作 look out 查找，找出；当心，注意 look out fo

10、r 当心，提防；找寻，注意；look over 翻阅，审读；复习 look round 审视，到处看看；回头望look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍 look to 照顾，注意，负责 look up 查出，了解；看望，拜访 look up and down 上下打量B. 短语记忆：and so on 等等 a number of 许多 a set of 一套。 as a result 结果as well as 也 at any time 任何时候 at first 首先 at least 至少at once 立即 at the beginning of 开头，开初考前知识清理03I. 语

11、法： 定语从句1.引导词的功能： . 引导定语从 . 代替现行词在定语从句中充当某一句子成分2.引导定语从句的连词用法： 连 词 主 句 中 先 行 词 是 在 从 句 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语(该词后要跟名词) that 人或物 主语，宾语，表语 which 物 主语，宾语 (还可以引导非限制性定语从句)where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 (=介词 + which ) when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 (=介词 + which ) why reason 原因状语 (= for which ) as 在限制性定语从句中常和s

12、uchas，the sameas 等句型连用 在非限制性定语从句中，可以代替主句中的某一成分或整个句子的意义 3. way 后面的定语从句可由in which , that 引导，或者什么都不要 4. that 在使用中的特殊要求5. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 6. as 与which在引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别：as常和know, see, understand, expect等词连用；可位于句首；常译为：正如II. 句型复习：1. would rather (not) do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth.would rather sb

13、. did (had done) sth. prefer sth. to sth. elseprefer doing sth. to doing sth. else prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.insist on doing sth. rather than do sth.2. No matter what (Whatever) he does No matter how (However) difficult it is3. to ones surprise (delight, satisfaction, disappointment, joy)

14、What surprises (delights, satisfies, disappoints, pleases) one isIII.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (03)appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得appear to do sth. appear + adj. appear + done appear + sth. It appear that.B. 短语记忆： at the edge of 在边缘 at the end of 在末尾 at the moment 此刻at the same time 同时 a variety of 各种各样的 be ann

15、oyed at 生的气be busy with 忙于 be divided into 分成 be fit for 适合be fond of 爱好 be full of 充满 be grateful for 感谢be interested in对感兴趣 be known for 因出名 be made up of 由组成be satisfied with 对满意考前知识清理04I. 句型复习：4. It seems that sb. do sth. = sb. seems to do sth.It happened that sb. do sth. = sb. happened to do st

16、h.It is said (reported) that sb. do sth. = sb. is said (reported) to do sth.5. Half of the visitors are Half of the wood is Most of the teachers are Most of the water is The rest of the books are The rest of the money is One-fourth of the population in the world are Chinese.The population of China i

17、s larger that that of any other country in the world.Three-fourths of the workers in the factory are men.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is the sea.A larger number of students are The number of the students in our school isII. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (04)make make sth. 做，制造 make sb. do sth. 使得make sb

18、. (sth.) done make sb. (sth.) + adj.make sb. (sth.) + n. make it + adj.(n.) + that make it + adj.(n.) + to do sth. make it + adj.(n.) + doing sth. make a dash for 赶往，冲向 make a deal with 达成协议，做成交易 make a decision 作出规定make a face = make faces 做鬼脸，做苦相 make a good effort 作很大的努力make a record 录制唱片 make a

19、plan for 为作计划make a note of 注意，记下来 make an impression on 给留下（某种）印象，引人注目 make fun of 取笑，和开玩笑，嘲笑 make into 把做成；使成为，使变成 be made into be made from 由做的（化学变化） be made of 由做的（物理变化） make it 按时到达某处，办事成功；约定时间；及时赶上（火车，轮船等） make ones living 维持生活 make progress 取得进步make out 看清楚，看出，辨识；理解，明白；开（账单，收据等）进展；假装，装出，把说成是

20、make room (for) 让地方，让位置 make sense 有道理，好懂，有清楚的意思 make sense of 理解 make sure that 弄肯定，一定要做到；弄确切，弄清 make sure of make sure to do sth. 一定要做 make . to ones own measure 依照某人的尺寸做。make up 创造，编造；弥补，把补上；化妆，打扮make up for 弥补 be made up of 有组成（构成）make up ones mind to do sth. 打定主意，决定，决心make use of 利用 B. 短语记忆：be

21、similar to 与相同 be unfamiliar to 与不熟悉 be used to V-ing 习惯于 because of 因为 by hand 手工做的 carry out 执行，进行catch up with赶上 clear off 清除，跑开 comparewith 与比较concentrate on 聚精会神 consist of 包含 deal with 处理，对付devote oneself to 献身于 die out 绝种 divideinto 把分成do harm to 伤害 draw a conclusion 得出结论考前知识清理05I. 语法复习： 状语从句

22、引导时间状语的连词： after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as long as, as soon as, hardly(scarcely) when, No sooner than, the time (moment, instant, minute, day)备 注: 1.hardly, no sooner在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装 2.since引导的从句注意看启动词是否是瞬间动词还是延续性动词 3.when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法 一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句 引导地点状语的连词：

23、where , wherever 备 注: 后者表示强调 引导方式状语的连词： as, as if, as though,备 注: as引导的方式状语从句多在句首 引导原因状语的连词： because, since, as, now (that) 备 注:语气一个比一个弱for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末 引导结果状语的连词： so that, such (a) that, so that, that 备 注:sothat中的so在句首，主句要部分倒装 引导目的状语的连词： so that, in order that, that, so, 备 注:so that 使用最普遍 引导条

24、件状语的连词： if , unless, in case , as long as, 备 注:注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气 引导让步状语的连词： though, although, even if, even though, as, in spite of the fact, while, no matter wh- , 备 注:as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装 II. 句型复习：1. It is + 被强调部分 + that .在句型 1 中，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用如果把这种句型结

25、构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that .句型2 主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.) that .句型3中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定） 是主语从句最常见的一种结构III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (05)consider 考虑 consider that consider what (how)

26、 to do sth. consider doing sth.认为 consider that consider sb. (sth.) + sb. (sth.) consider sb.+ adj.把看作是 consider sb. to be consider sb. + p.p. consider sb.+ 介词短语 consider . as 把（某人）看作B. 短语记忆： eitheror 既又 for a moment 一会儿 for a while 一会儿 for example 例如for instance 例如 from time to time 不时 hand over 递过

27、去 in a hurry 匆忙in case 万一 in front of 在前面 in line 排队 in no mood 无心思(心情)in other words 换言之 in spite of 尽管 instead of 代替 in the course of 在.期间(过程) 考前知识清理06I. 语法复习： 主谓语一致 01。语法一致原则： 是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：。意思一致原则： 是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。 单数形式的

28、主语，谓语动词用复数。 复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。 同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。就近一致原则： 即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。II. 句型复习：4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .句型4中，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去5. It is said (reported, learned.) that .句型5中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句该结构常译为据说（据

29、报道，据悉）III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (06)come come to do sth.【解析】该结构意为：“逐渐” 后面跟不定式表示作某事的过程，所跟的动词常是： like, understand, realize, see，know come to + 名词 来到（某地） come to + 数词 加起来，共计 come to + 名词 谈到，涉及到 come to 恢复知觉；苏醒过来 link-v. come + adj. 变得，变成 come + p.p. come to a conclusion 做出结论 come about 发生、产生，造成come across （偶然）遇

30、到，找到，想到 come to an end 结束 come alone vi. 跟上去；快点；进行 come back 回想起 come down vi. 下降 come down from 从传下来 come from 来自，是（某地的）人 come into being (existence)开始存在，建立，产生 come into effect (force) 开始生效 come near (close) to doing sth. 差一点就 come of 出生于家庭；由造成的，是的结果 come off 从离开， 脱落 come on (upon) = come across come out vi. 出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发芽 come to 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现come up 抬头、上来、上升,走过来，到来；提及，被提出；长出来B. 短语记忆： in the distance 在远处