原子结合键atomicbonding.docx

1、原子结合键atomicbondingA奥罗万机制(Orowan mechanism）奥氏体（austenite）B八面体间隙(octahedral interstices)半共格界面(half-coherent interface)板织构(sheet texture)棒状结构(rodlike structure)包晶（peritectic）包晶反应(peritectic reaction)包晶偏析(peritectic segregation)包晶相图（peritectic phase diagram）包析反应(peritectoid reaction)胞状结构(cellular struct

2、ure)本征扩散系数(intrinsic diffusion coefficient)变态莱氏体 (transformed ledeburite )变形孪晶（deformation twins）标准投影(standard projection)表层细晶区(chill zone)表面 (surface)泊松比(Poissons ratio)柏氏矢量(Burgers vector)不对称倾斜晶界(asymmetric tilt boundary)不平衡共晶(non-equilibrium eutectic)不全位错（imperfect dislocation）布拉菲点阵（Bravais Latti

3、ce）部分位错（partial dislocation）部分有序(partial order)C材料科学(materials science)残余应力(residual stress)长程有序(long-range order, LRO)成分(composition)成分过冷(constitutional supercooling)成分起伏(composition fluctuation)成分三角形(composition triangle)尺寸因素化合物(size factor compound)垂直截面(vertical section)纯铁（pure iron）脆性(brittlenes

4、s)D大角度晶界 (high-angle grain boundary)单晶体（single crystal）单位位错(unit dislocation)单相(single phase)单相合金（homogeneous alloy）单斜晶系(monoclinic crystal system)倒易点阵(reciprocal lattice)等温线投影图(polythermal projection) 等腰成分三角形(isosceles composition triangle)等轴晶区(equiaxed zone)点缺陷（point defects）点阵常数(lattice constant)

5、点阵畸变（lattice distortion）电负性（electronegativity）电离能 (ionization energy of atoms)电子化合物（electron compound, Hume-Rothery phase）电子浓度(electron concentration)电子亲和能（affinity energy of electrons）动力学(kinetics)动态过冷(dynamic supercooling) 动态回复（dynamic recovery）动态再结晶（dynamic recrystallization）短程有序(short-range orde

6、r, SRO)短路扩散(short circuit diffusion)堆垛层错（stacking fault）堆垛层错能（stacking fault energy）对称倾斜晶界(symmetric tilt boundary)多边化(polygonization) 多滑移(multiple slip)多晶体（polycrystalline solid）多晶型性（polymorphism）多相材料(polyphase materials, heterogeneous)多相合金（heterogeneous alloy）E二次键(secondary bonding)二次再结晶（secondary

7、 recrystallization）二维晶核机制(two-dimensional nucleation)二元相图(binary phase diagrams )F反应扩散(reaction diffusion)范德瓦耳斯键（van der Waals bonding）非共格界面(non-coherent interface)非共格孪晶界(non-coherent twin boundary)非晶体（amorphous material）非均匀形核(heterogeneous nucleation)非平衡凝固(nonequilibrium solidification)非稳态扩散（nonste

8、ady-state diffusion）菲克第二定律（Ficks second law）菲克第一定律（Ficks first law）分切应力(resolved shear stress)弗兰克尔缺陷（Frenkel defects）弗兰克-瑞德源（Frank-Read source）复合材料(composite)复合晶胞(composite unit cell)G杠杆定律(lever rule)高斯解（Guass solution）Gibbs相律(Gibbs phase rule)公切线法则(common tangent line)共轭连线(conjugate lines)共轭曲线(conj

9、ugate curves)共格孪晶界(coherent twin boundary)共格相界(coherent phase interface)共价键(covalent bonding)共晶（eutectic）共晶白口铸铁 (eutectic white cast iron)共晶反应(eutectic reaction)： 共晶合金(eutectic alloy）共晶相图（eutectic phase diagram）共析反应(eutectoid reaction)共析钢 (eutectoid steel)固溶强化(solid-solution strengthening)固溶体（solid

10、solution）固相线(solidus)过饱和点缺陷(supersaturated point defects)过共晶白口铸铁(hyper-eutectic white cast iron)过共晶合金（hypereutectic alloy）过共析钢 (hyper-eutectoid steel)过冷(supercooling)过冷度(the degree of supercooling)H合金（alloy）合晶反应(synthetic reaction)合力(net force)宏观结构（macrostructure）虎克定律（Hookes law）互扩散（interdiffusion）互

11、扩散系数(interdiffusion coefficient)滑移(slip)滑移带(slip bands)滑移系(slip systems)滑移线 (slip lines)化合物（intermediate compound）化学亲和力（chemical affinity）环形换位(cyclic exchange)回复(recovery)混合位错（mixed dislocation）霍尔佩奇公式（Hall-Petch equation）J极射投影(stereographic project)激活能（activation energy）加工硬化(work hardening, strain h

12、ardening)间隙(interstices)间隙固溶体（interstitial solid solution）间隙化合物(interstitial compound)间隙相(interstitial phase)简单晶胞（simple unit cell）交滑移 (cross slip)结构起伏(structure fluctuation) 结合键(bonding)结合能(bonding energy)结晶（crystallization）介稳相(metastable phase)金属（metal）金属间化合物（intermetallic compound）金属键(metallic bo

13、nding)晶胞（unit cells）晶带（crystal zone）晶带轴（crystal zone axis）晶格（crystal lattice）晶核(nucleus of crystal)晶界(grain boundary)晶界能(boundary energy)晶粒长大(grain growth)晶面(crystal planes)晶面间距（inter-planer spacing）晶面指数(Miller indices of crystallographic plane)晶面转动(rotation of crystal plane)晶面族（a family of crystal

14、planes）晶胚(crystal embryo)晶体（crystalline solid）晶体结构（crystal structures）晶系（crystal system）晶向(crystal directions)晶向指数(Orientation index, Miller indices for the direction)晶向族（a family of crystal directions）晶轴(crystal axes)均匀形核(homogeneous nucleation)K抗拉强度b (tensile strength)柯肯达尔效应（Kirkendall effect）柯氏气团

15、(Cottrell atmosphere)空间点阵（space lattice）空位（vacancy）空位机制( vacancy mechanism)扩散（diffusion）扩散常数(diffusion constant)扩散方程(diffusion equation)扩散机制(diffusion mechanism)扩散通量（diffusion flux）扩散系数(diffusion coefficient)扩散系数（diffusion coefficient）扩展位错(extended dislocation)L拉弗斯相（Laves phase）莱氏体(Ld, ledeburite) 冷

16、却曲线(cooling curve) 冷作硬化(cold working)离子键(ionic bonding)离子晶体(ionic crystal)立方晶系(cubic crystal system)连续生长（continuous growth）临界半径(critical radius)临界变形度(critical degree of deformation)临界分切应力(critical resolved shear stress)临界晶核(critical nucleus)菱方晶系(rhombohedral crystal system)六方晶系(hexagonal crystal sys

17、tem)吕德斯带（Lders band）孪晶(twins)孪晶界（twin boundary）孪生(twinning)螺型位错（screw dislocation）M弥散粒子(precipitate)密排堆垛结构（close packed crystal structures）密排六方结构（hexagonal close-packed crystal structure， HCP， A3）面角位错（Lomer-Cottrell dislocation）面缺陷（planar defects）面心立方结构（face-centered cubic crystal structure，FCC，A1）N

18、纳米结构（nanostructure）能量起伏(energy fluctuation)凝固（Solidification）扭折（kink）扭转晶界(twist boundary)浓度（concentration）浓度梯度（concentration gradient）P排斥力(repulsive force)派纳力（Peierls-Nabarro force，P-N force）攀移（climb）配位数(CN, coordination number)偏晶反应(monotectic reaction)偏聚(solute cluster)片状结构(lamellar structure)平衡分配系

19、数(equilibrium partition coefficient)平衡凝固(equilibrium solidification)平衡状态图（equilibrium or constitutional diagram）。Q切变模量(shear modulus)氢键（hydrogen bonding）球状结构(spheroidite structure)驱动力（driving force）屈服 (yielding)屈服极限s (yield strength)区域熔炼(zone melting, zone refining)全位错(perfect dislocation)R热分析法(ther

20、mal analysis)热力学(thermodynamics) 刃型位错（edge dislocation）溶剂原子(solvent atom)溶质原子（solute atom)熔点(melting point)蠕变(creep)润湿角（wetting angle）S三斜晶系(triclinic crystal system)三元相图(ternary phase diagrams )上坡扩散(uphill diffusion)渗碳体（cementite、iron carbide）施密特因子（Schmid factor）石墨碳(graphite) 树枝状结构(dendritic structu

21、re)水平截面(horizontal section)丝织构(fiber texture)四方晶系(tetragonal crystal system)四面体间隙(tetrahedral interstices)塑性变形(plastic deformation)T弹性变形(elastic deformation)弹性极限e (elastic limit)弹性模量(Youngs modulus)汤普森记号(Tompsons notation)汤普森四面体(Tompsons tetrahedron)陶瓷（ceramics） 体心立方结构（body-centered cubic crystal st

22、ructure， BCC， A2）铁素体（ferrite）同素异构（allotropy）投影图(projections)退火孪晶(annealing twins)拓扑密堆相(TCP, topological close-packed phase)W完全无序(random, disorder)微观结构（microstructure）伪共晶 (pseudo-eutectic)位错(dislocation)位错缠结(dislocation tangle)位错钉扎(anchoring of dislocation)位错反应(dislocation reaction)位错割阶(dislocation j

23、og)位错交割（crossing of dislocations）位错密度(density of dislocations)位错应变能(strain energy of dislocation)位错增殖(multiplication generation of dislocations)位能(potential energy)稳态扩散（steady-state diffusion）稳态凝固(steady-state solidification)吴氏网(Wulff net)误差函数(error function)误差函数解(error function solution)X吸引力(attrac

24、tive force)析出(precipitation) 细观结构(mesoscopic structure)下坡扩散(downhill diffusion)线缺陷（linear defects）相（phase）相界面(phase interface)相律（phase rule）相图(phase diagram)小角度晶界 (low-angle grain boundary)肖脱基空位（Schottky vacancies）形变织构(deformation texture)形核(nucleation)形核率（nucleation rate）Y亚共晶白口铸铁(hypo-eutectic whit

25、e cast iron)亚共晶合金（hypoeutectic alloy）亚共析钢 (hypo-eutectoid steel)亚结构(sub-structure)亚晶界（sub-grain boundary）亚晶粒（sub-grain）氧化(oxidation)液相线(liquidus)一次键(primary bonding)异常晶粒长大(abnormal grain growth)应变时效(strain aging)应力梯度(stress gradient)应力-应变曲线(stress-strain curve)硬度(hardness)有效分配系数(effective distributi

26、on coefficient)元素周期表(The Periodic Table)原子的近程排列（short-range atomic arrangements）原子堆垛结构(atom packed structure)原子价因素（valences）原子结构（atomic structure）原子结合键(atomic bonding)匀晶反应(isomorphous reaction)匀晶相图（isomorphous phase diagram）孕育期(incubation period)Z杂质（impurity）再结晶(recrystallization)再结晶温度(recrystalliza

27、tion temperature)再结晶织构(recrystallization texture)择优取向 (preferred orientation)阵点或结点(lattice points)正常价化合物(normal-valency compounds)正交晶系(orthorhombic crystal system)枝晶偏析(dendritic segregation)直角三角形(right triangle)直接换位( direct exchange)制耳(earing)致密度（K，APF，atomic packing factor）置换固溶体（substitutional soli

28、d solution）中程有序(medium-range order,MRO)中间相（intermediate phase）重合位置点阵（CSL，Coincidence Site Lattice）重心法则(gravity-center rule)珠光体（P, pearlite）柱状晶区(columnar zone)准晶（quasicrystal）自间隙原子（self-interstitial atom）自扩散（self-diffusion）自由度(degree of freedom)自由焓-成分曲线(free energy-composition curve)组元（component）最大溶解度线(solid solubility limit line, solvus line)