医学术语中的复数形式.docx

1、医学术语中的复数形式医学词根词根承载着词的核心意义，如：cardiopathy(心脏病)、myocarditis心肌炎、electrocardiogram心电图; gastritis 胃炎、agastria无胃、epigastric上腹部。分为自由词根和黏着词根。自由词根度里存在具有实际意义，也可与其它成分构成新词，如：Genegenealogy家系；homogeneity(同种性)。黏着词根有意义，但能独立存在，如：表示：汗, hidro-hidrosadenitis汗腺炎; 关节arthro-arthroendoscopy关节内腔镜检查; cerebro-cerebrocentric大脑中

2、枢的; audiaudibility 能听度; pneumo-pneumonia肺炎； uri-uriasis尿石病; secre-secretagogue促分泌素。词缀却用来改变词的含义和性质，如：re-又； im-不；hetero-异；pseudo-假pseudoaquatic假水生的,生在潮湿地方的；后缀：-itis; -oma肿瘤； -phobia; -spasm痉挛； -emia血症； -tomy开刀。 医学术语中的复数形式希腊词源-ma-mata 如：sarcoma肉瘤 sarcomataderma皮肤 dermata lymphoma淋巴瘤 lyphomata-ona proto

3、zoon原生动物 protozoa Ganglion神经节 ganglia- is-es arthrosis 关节病 arthroses Psychosis精神病 psychoses-is-ides glottis 声门 glottides-ax-aces thorax胸腔 thoraces-inx-inges meninx脑炎 meninges 拉丁语词源-a-ae maxilla上颌骨 maxillae-um-a labium唇 labia-us-I thrombus 血栓 thrombi-us- era genus种类 genera-us-ora stercus粪便 stercora-e

4、x-ices-es pollex拇指 polices; Appex顶点 apexes-ix- ices-es cervix颈部 cervices Vaix静脉曲张 varices-s-sa vas管 vasa更多例子： Conjunctiva 结膜 tivae Apex 尖端 apices Analysis 分析 lysesAppendix 阑尾 dices Ganglion 神经节ganglia Edema 水肿 edematabacterium 细菌 bacteria bronchus 支气管 bronchiaxilla咯肢窝, 腋窝 axillaediagnosis diagnosesc

5、odex 药典 codicesbacterium bacteriaProtozoon原生动物 protozoaFundus 基底 fundiFungus 菌类, 蘑菇 fungi同型类Species species Tempo速度 tempiCorps 尸体 corps（古）同现Corpse另：corpus尸体 corpora缩略词1、词首+词尾Abortion+mortuary-abortuary流产胎儿存放室； metabolism+genomics-metanomics代谢组织； nutrition+ pharmaceutical营养物质；2、词首+整词Medical+ care-med

6、icare; radiation therapyradiotherapy3、截短Influenza-flu; poliomyelitis-polio; morningmng, tuberculosis- TB; Hemoglobin-Hb血红蛋白； intravenous- i.v. 静脉内的；subcutaneous- SC皮下的4、首字母BP-blood pressure; GH-growth hormone; MRI- magnetic resonance imaging; DNA-deoxyriboneuclsic acid; MeSH- Medical subject heading

7、s; RC-conditioned response; ID- diabetic index两栖词汇Dressing 敷料； discharged 出院； entity病种； intervention.治疗；conception 妊娠；culture medium 培养基；trace elements 微量元素；acid fast抗酸；identical twin同卵；labor分娩；Acute 急性的；murmur有杂音； tender触痛感；secondary bacterial pneumonia.继发性肺炎；Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停；pulmonary consolida

8、tion.(肺实变征象)； term(预产期) 医学术语的词源一、以医生或者患者为术语，如：Parkinsons Dissease,振颤麻痹，hippocratic face 死后面相，以医生为名。 Christmas disease, 凝血因子IX缺乏， Hela cells 海拉细胞，以患者为名。二、以文学作品或事件中人物为名， Achilleus tendon 跟腱；Achilles Jerk跟腱反射；Oedipus complex; Electra complex 恋父情结；Jocasta complex 恋子情结；Diana complex 独身情节；Cain complex 兄弟敌

9、对情节；Lear Complex 恋女情结。三、以地名冠名Keshan disease中国克山微量元素缺乏；Mediterrannian anemia ; Schistosoma mekongi 湄公河血吸虫。医学术语的三种词源形式例： 英语 希腊源 拉丁源体 body soma corpus心 heart cardia cor肠 bowel enteron intestine肾 kidney nephros renes铁 iron suderous ferrum光 light phos lumen红 red erythros rubrum金 gold chrysos aurum女 woman

10、 gyne female血 blood hema sanquis一、体躯系统英语 希腊源 拉丁源Body -some, somato- coporo-Head cephalo- capito-neck trachelo- cervico-limb acro- membrumfinger dactylo- digito-thigh股 mero- femoro-chest thoraco- pecto-breast masto- mammo-belly ventro- abdomino-flank肋腹 laporo-, celioback opitho- dorsi-waist lumbo- lo

11、in二、心血管系统Heart cardio cor-Atrium心房 artrio- aurico-Ventricle心室 ventrico-Vessel血管 angio- vaso-Artery动脉 arterio-Vein静脉 phlebo- veno-三、呼吸系统Breath pneumo- spiro-Nose rhino- nazo-Windpipe支气管 bronco-Lung pneumono- pulmo-Air sac肺泡 alvelo-四、消化系统Digestion pepso- gesto-Stomach gestro-Gut肠 entero- intesetinoGal

12、lbladder cholecysto- vesica, fellaLiver肝 hepato- jeco-五、口颌系统Mouth stomato- oro-Lip cheilo- labio-Tongue glosso- linquo-Gums ulo- gingivo-Tooth odonto- dento-六、泌尿系统Urine尿 uro- Kidney nephro- renoReno pelvis肾盂 pyelo- pelvi-Bladder膀胱 cysto vesico-七、生殖系统Woman gyneco- femaleEgg oo- ovo-Ovary卵巢 oophoro ov

13、ario-Fallopian tube输卵管 salpino- oviducto-Womb子宫 hystero-, metro- utero-Menstruation月经 meno- mensesMan andro- maleseed精子 sperm semino-testis睾丸 orchio- testo-八、内分泌系统Secretion分泌 -crineGland adino-Pituitary垂体 hypophyso-Sex organ性腺 gonado-九、神经系统Nerve neuro-Brain encephalo- cerebro-Bark皮质 corticomarrow髓质

14、myelo- medullo-horse 海马 hippo- mind psycho-, phreno-fear -phobia十、皮肤和感觉器官Skin dermo cuto-Eye ophthalmo- oculoLens 晶体 phaco- Glass 玻璃体 vitreoCornea角膜 kerato corneoEar oto auriDrum鼓膜 tympanoSense esthesio sensoEyesight -op visionHearing acou- audioSmell osmo- olfacto-Taste -geus gustoTouch hapto-,thig

15、mo-十一、肌肉骨骼系统Flesh 肌肉 myo- musculo-Bone 骨 osteo- os-Cartilage软骨 chondro- Ligament韧带 Ligamento- desmo-Skull颅骨 cranio- Backbone rachio-,spondylo spino-,vertebro-Joint arthro- articular十二、细胞遗传学Cell cyto- corpuscleNut核 karyo neucleusThread 线 mito- 十三、局部解剖Tissue histo- textusNipple thelo theliumLayer lami

16、noFlesh scarco-creato- caro-Cave窦 anthro- sino-Door pyle- porto-Bridge ponsSheath鞘 theco- vagino-十四、液体、分泌、免疫Fluid liquid,humoroBlood baemo- sangui-Whey血清 oro- sero-Milk galacto lacto-gall胆汁 bile gallspit唾液 sialo- salivatear dacryo- lacrimo-phlegm粘液 myxo- muco-sweat hidro- sudo-stool 粪 corpro- fecalo

17、-spleen脾 spleno- lienohypersensitivity anaphylaxis, allergery 十五、医用生物学生命 life bio- vivo-植物 plant phyto-, botano-叶 leave phyllo- folic树 tree dendro- arbor根 root rhizo- radico-裸 nude gymno-动物 animal zoo-鱼 fish ichthyo-牛 bull tauro- bovine狗 dog cyno- canine人类 man anthro- human毒 poison toxico- virus十六、

18、病理学与症状粘连 adheasion ankylo- adhesion空洞 cavity syringe- caverno-聋 deafness anacousis surdi-死亡 death thanato- nacro-疾病 desease patho- morbido-发热 fever pyro- febrile炎症 inflammation phlogo-,-it,is癌 cancer carcino-肿瘤 tumor onco-,neoplasm疼痛 pain algia- dolor浓 pus pyo-破裂 break -rrhexis rupture结石 stone ltho-

19、 calculo-呕吐 vomit -emsis vomitus出血 bleeding hemorrhage十七、疾病后缀症 ia (皮肤、结石)症 -iasis 病 igo 中毒症 ism 血症-emia 发作-lepsy 疾病noso- (过多)症 osis 疾病 pathy, patho十八、诊断图像-meter,-gram 仪器-graph, -scope 术 metry, -graphy, scopy十九、医用物理学运动movement kineto- motion速度speed velocity时间 time chrono- tempo-长度 length longi-震动 sha

20、ke vibration热 heat thermo- calori-冷 cold cryo- frigo-空气 air aero-光 light photo- sono-力 force dynamio- power压力 pressure baro-二十、外科手术切开 cutting -tomy icsision切除 cut away -ectomy excision,resection造口 opening -stomy 造型术 shape -plasty缝合术 sew -raphy suture固定术 fixation -pexy immobilization穿刺术 puncture -cen

21、tesis破碎术 break -triipsy,-rrhexis二十一、药理学药 drug pharmaco- medicine疗法treatment -therapy remedy麻醉 -narco-, anesthesia促 -tropic, agogue stimulating抑制 inhibit -static形 shape morpho- -iform立体 solid stereo-轮状 wheel troco-球状 ball sphero- globo-角 angle ganio- -angle凹 hollow koillo- concave鳞状 coil spiro-,helic

22、on-舟状 boat scapho-星状 star astero- stellate二十二、性状多 many, much poly- multi-少 few, less oligo-,-penia deficient大 large macro-小 small micro-远 distal tele- 近 near juxsta- 新 new neo- novo-旧 old archaeo-, paleo-甜 sweet gluco-,glycol-苦bitter picro-慢 slow brady- 快 swift tachy-佳 well eu-同 sameness homo- iso-异

23、 difference allo- hetero-硬 hard sclero- duro-软soft malaco- pia-二十三、颜色颜色 huge chromo- colour红 red erythro- rub-黄 yellow xantho- flavor- luteo白 white leuco-, leuko alb-黑 black melano- nigro-二十四、方位前 before pro- ant-,pre后after post-retro-上 above epi- sup-下 below hypo- inf-, sub-内 inside endo- int-外 outs

24、ide exo-,eco- ext-左 left sinister- levo-右right dextro-中间 middle meso- medio-二十四、数字半 half hemi- semi-一 one mono- uni-二 two di-,anphi- bi-,ambi-三 three tri- ter-四four tetra- quadric-五five pent- quinque六 six hex- sex百hundred hect- centi-千thousand kilo- milli-甲first metho- primary乙second etho- aceto-丙th

25、ird prop- tert-丁fourth but-二十五、无机化学酸 acid oxy-碱 base alkalo-钠 soda natro- sodium-钾 kalium potassium铁 iron sedero- ferro-铜 copper chalco- cupri-银 silver argyro- argento-金 gold chryso- aur-二十六、有机化学的词尾醛 al 烷 ane 酶-ase 脂、盐-ate 烯 ene 醚 ether酯 ester 酮-one 醇、酚 ol 糖 ose二十七、无机化学糖 sugar sacchro-,-ose脂肪fat lip

26、o- adipo淀粉starch amylo- 医院名称的翻译X-光室X-ray room儿科 Pediatrics Department 儿童医院 Childrens hospital入院处 Admission Office卫生员 Health Worker卫生医师 hygienist门诊部 Out-patient Department口腔科 Stomatology Depeartment内分泌科 EndocrinologyendEukrain Department引产室 Induced abortion room检验室 Laboratory手术室 Operating Room内科 Inte

27、rnal Medicine内科医生 physician外科 surgery Department外科医生 Surgeon皮肤科 Dermatology Department皮肤科医生 dermatologist出院处 Discharge Office主管医生 Physician in Charge主治医生 attending Physician主任医生 chief physician产科医院 maternity hospital产科医生 obstetrician产室 Obstetrical room(Delivery room)血清检验室 serological laboratory传染病科

28、Infectious(contagious)Disease Office耳鼻喉科 E.N.T (otorhinolaryngological) Department创伤科 traumatology Department住院部 in-patient Department护士长 head nurse戒毒康复中心 Detoxification and Rehabilitation Treatment Center会诊 Doctors Consultation妇科 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology妇科医生 gynecologist泌尿科 Urology D

29、epartment神经科 neurosurgery Department骨科 Orthopedics骨科医生 Orthopedist眼科 ophthalmology复诊 further consultation 查房 go the rounds病房 ward麻醉师 anesthetist， 流行病医生 epidemiologist矫形外科 Orthopedic Surgery停尸房 mortuary换药室 dressing room整形外科 Plastic surgery白血病科 Leukemia Unit病理解剖室 Department of Pathologic Anatomy超声波室 Ultrasonic Diagnosis Room电疗室 electrotheropy Room法医病理教研室 Forensic Pathology Department肝病科 Liver Unit肝肠科 Anorectal Surgery Unit高压氧室 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy隔离室 Isolation Ward化疗科 Chemotherapy Unit寄生虫科 Parasitic Disease Division老年病科 Gerontology Department冷冻治疗室 Chryptotherapy Unit